RIR_Vol 10 N 02

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An Aggregate Import Demand Function For Sudan: A Cointegration Analysis
(جامعة الوادي - University of Eloued, 2020-09-15) إبراهيم أحمد, عبدالله; الشريف محمد, شريف بشير
This paper investigates the existence of an aggregate import demand function for Sudan, during the period 1978–2018. The paper employs an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) and bounds testing approach to cointegration. It also estimates an error correction model to separate the short- and long-run elements of the import demand relationship. The findings of the unit root tests, specifically Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) and Phillips-Perron (PP) tests, indicate that all series were integrated of order one. It suggests that there exists a long-run relationship between aggregate imports and the main determinants, namely, real income, relative prices, foreign exchange reserves, and terms of trade. The error correction term suggests a fast speed of convergence to equilibrium. Stability tests demonstrate no evidence of serial correlation problem in the residuals. It finds that international reserves were the most important determinant of demand for aggregate imports. The results reveal that an improvement in foreign exchange reserves increases import demand. Thus, policies targeted at augmenting foreign exchange reserves will boost imports. Keywords: ARDL cointegration ; import demand function ; international trade Jel Classification Codes: C13 ; C51 ; F14 ; O24 تبحث هذه الورقة في وجود دالة الطلب على الواردات الكلية في السودان خلال الفترة 1978-2018م، وتستخدم الورقة نموذج الانحدار الذاتي للإبطاء الزمني الموزع (ARDL) ومنهجية اختبار الحدود للتكامل المشترك، ويقدم البحث تقديراً لنموذج تصحيح الخطأ من أجل الفصل بين العناصر قصيرة وطويلة الأجل في العلاقة بين الطلب على الواردات ومحدداته، وتشير نتائج اختبارات جذر الوحدة، وتحديداً اختبار ديكي فولر الموسع واختبار فيليب-بيرون إلى أنَّ جميع السلاسل متكاملة من الفرق الأول، كما تظهر النتائج وجود علاقة طويلة الأجل بين الواردات الكلية والمحددات الرئيسة التي تشمل: الدخل الحقيقي، والأسعار النسبية، واحتياطيات النقد الأجنبي، وشروط التبادل التجاري، ويشير نموذج تصحيح الخطأ إلى سرعة الوصول إلى الوضع التوازني، أما اختبارات الاستقرار فتؤكد عدم وجود مشكلة في الارتباط الذاتي التسلسلي في البواقي، وتظهر النتائج أن الاحتياطيات الأجنبية هي أهم محددات الطلب على الواردات الكلية، وتكشف نتائج البحث أنَّ التحسن في احتياطيات النقد الأجنبي يزيد من الطلب على الواردات السودانية. وبالتالي، فإنَّ السياسات الرامية إلى زيادة احتياطيات النقد الأجنبي ستعزز من الواردات.
Strategic Performance Matrix: As A Proposed Model For Strategic Performance Measurement
(جامعة الوادي - University of Eloued, 2020-09-15) الجبوري, نصيف; المظفر, مهند محمد
Summary: Performance measurement systems generally occupy a large part of the thinking and efforts of researchers, because of their great interest for survival and continuity of the organization. Many researchers and scientific institutions have sought to find ways and means to measure this performance more accurately. As a result, many measurement tools have emerged, particularly those related to strategic measurement, such as Tableau De Bord, The Performance Pyramid, The Performance Prism, and Balanced Scorecard. On this basis, the researchers presented a proposed model for a strategic performance that can provide a strategic measurement tool that helps the organization to determine its strategic performance at a subunit level. This strategic tool is combining the characteristics and advantages of a balanced scorecard and responsibility accounting, named Strategic Performance Matrix.
Etude Des Stratégies Supply Chain Lean, Agile, Et Hybride Une Analyse Multidimensionnelle
(جامعة الوادي - University of Eloued, 2020-09-15) Laghouag, Abderrazak; Zouaghi, Iskander; Makaci, Mourad
Le Supply Chain Management consiste à gérer les relations entre les acteurs de la SC en coordonnant et en intégrant les activités et les processus intra et inter-organisationnels. En effet, lors de l’élaboration d’une stratégie SC, il est important que cette dernière soit définie de manière qui laisse chaque acteur dans la SC contribuer le plus possible à la création de valeur. En plus, ce sont les caractéristiques des produits et du marché qui régissent le partage des rôles et des responsabilités entre les acteurs de la SC. Partant de cela, cet article cherche à recenser et identifier les différentes stratégies SC et de proposer un profil relatif à chaque stratégie à partir d’une revue de littérature approfondie en la matière, suivie d’une analyse des différentes stratégies en fonction de plusieurs dimensions.
La Contribution De La Notation Extra Financière à Mesurer La Rse : Cas De Quelques Entreprises Algériennes Certifiées
(جامعة الوادي - University of Eloued, 2020-09-15) Arabeche, Zina
Le milieu des affaires en Algérie est fragilisé par son passage vers l’économie du marché, et sa structure rend l’adoption d’une démarche RSE difficile. Afin de réduire les déséquilibres du développement régional, diminuer le chômage, améliorer la qualité de la vie, le gouvernement algérien doit relever les défis du développement durable qui exige la réalisation des performances économiques, sociales, et environnementales. L’objectif de ce travail est d’essayer d’examiner l’engagement de quelques entreprises certifiées dans la démarche RSE à travers l’utilisation des mesures de l’agence de notation extra-financière Vigeo. Afin de réaliser cet objectif, nous avons opté sur une méthodologie quantitative à travers la distribution des questionnaires sur un ensemble des entreprises certifiées. Nous avons trouvé que les entreprises algériennes enquêtées sont socialement responsables dans le domaine de client- fournisseur et dans le domaine de ressources humaines. Cependant, elles sont moins responsables dans le domaine de droit de l’homme et l’engagement social.
Le Rôle De La Personnalité Dans La Construction Du Capital De Marque: Etude Du Cas L'enterprise Algérienne " Eniem"
(جامعة الوادي - University of Eloued, 2020-09-15) Bouacha, Faouzia; Lalaoui, Amor
La prise en conscience de la valeur des marques par les responsables des entreprises date des années 1980 après l’arrivée à maturité de nombreux marchés de grande consommation notamment aux Etats-Unis, provoquant un encombrement des linéaires et une grande standardisation des offres. en conséquence, les entreprises ont bien pensé à utiliser leurs marques comme outil de différenciation, La marque est passé du statut « marque » à celui de « capital marque », un concept qui renvoie à la valeur apportée par la marque aux produits et services qu’elle couvre. on s’intéresse dans cet article de plus près à une marque algérienne historique d’électroménager ENIEM, on espère évaluer son capital marque , tout en voulant projeter la lumière sur une composante principale de ce construit, qui est « la personnalité de marque » et son role dans la formation d’une marque forte.
Diversity Of Banking Operations The Basis To Upgrade Of Banking Performance – A Case Study Of The National Bank Of Algeria During The Period 2015 - 2019
(جامعة الوادي - University of Eloued, 2020-09-15) Morkane, Mohamed El Bachir; Boukhari, Abdelhamid; Derradji, Aissa
Summary: This research identifies the various concepts related to banking operations, then illustrating a comprehensive and brief overview of the National Bank of Algeria (BNA) and its evolution, and then finally to acquire the various banking operations achieved by the National Bank of Algeria, whether traditional or electronic operations, it then presents its various banking, financial and non-financial performance indicators. We have deduced that The National Bank of Algeria is a public, commercial banking institution, which conducts a variety of traditional and electronic banking operations targeted customers of different categories, individuals, professionals, small and medium-sized industries, small and medium-sized enterprises, and large enterprises, And that would achieve banking performance. Keywords: Banking Operations, Banking Performance, the National Bank of Algeria (BNA). Jel Classification Codes : G21 ; G24 ; G29
Measurement And Analysis The Impact Of Public Expenditure On Inflation In Algeria For The Period 1994-2017
(جامعة الوادي - University of Eloued, 2020-09-15) Cherakrak, Samir; Gaham, Wahiba; Noori Al-mihyawi, Sabah
This study analyzes and measures the impact of Public Expenditure on Inflation in Algeria for the Period 1994-2017, using the error correction and Granger Causality Model. We conclude that there is a causal relationship between Public Expenditure and Inflation in Algeria, also we find there is a long run relationship that exists between the variables examined, the result indicated that increase of public expenditure led to increasing of inflation rates, so we recommend the need to adopt an effective fiscal policy to reduce the inflation rates in Algeria. Also rationalize public expenditure and allocate it to the productive sectors which participate in the economic development and import substitute industry to avoid the imported inflation.
The Impact Of Knowledge Management On The Quality Of English Language Teaching: Exploratory Study Of The Views Of A Sample Of Teaching Staff In English Division, Biskra University
(جامعة الوادي - University of Eloued, 2020-09-15) Ameur, Elhadj; Grichi, Mohamed; Ben Abid, Farid
ملخص: في الوقت الحاضر ، أصبحت إدارة المعرفة ضرورة لمؤسسات التعليم العالي من أجل الاهتمام بتحسين جودة أعضاء هيئة التدريس من خلال تطبيق مجموعة من مراحل إدارة المعرفة ، والتي سوف تؤثر إيجابيا على جودة نتائج الجامعة. ويهدف هذا البحث إلى تحديد و توضيح تأثير عمليات إدارة المعرفة على تدريس اللغة الإنجليزية في قسم اللغة الإنجليزية ، جامعة بسكرة ، في العام الدراسي 2017/2018. ومن أجل تحقيق أهداف الدراسة ، قمنا بتصميم استبيان لجمع المعلومات الأولية التي تتكون من 56 عبارة تم توزيعها على أعضاء عينة من الدراسة، البالغ حجمها 47 أستاذا جامعي، في ضوء ذلك تم جمع البيانات وتحليلها ، وتم اختبار الفرضيات. وتم استخدام الحزم الإحصائية للعلوم الاجتماعية (SPSS.V 17). . وقد وجدنا أن هناك تأثير إحصائي كبير على مستوى الدلالة (0.05) لمتغير إدارة المعرفة بأبعادها المختلفة على جودة تدريس اللغة الإنجليزية في شعبة اللغة الإنجليزية بجامعة بسكرة. الكلمات المفتاحية: إدارة المعرفة. جودة تدريس اللغة الإنجليزية. التعليم العالي. قسم اللغة الإنجليزية. جامعة بسكرة. Summary: Nowadays, Knowledge Management becoming a must for higher education institutes to pay more attention to enhance the quality of teaching staff Performance through applying a set of stages of Knowledge Management, which will affect positively the quality of the university outcomes. This Research aims to develop a framework for identifying the relationship or the impact of Knowledge Management process on the English Language teaching in English Language Division, Biskra University, in the academic Year 2017/ 2018. In order to achieve the objectives of the Study, we designed a Questionnaire to collect the initial information consisting of 56 statements on the sample members of the Study, which are 47 Teachers. In light of this, the data have been collected and analyzed, the hypotheses have been tested. the statistical Packages of social Sciences (SPSS.V 17) were used. There is Significant Statistical impact at the Significance Level of (0.05) for the Knowledge Management variable with its different dimensions on English Language teaching quality at English Division, Biskra University. Key words: Knowledge Management. ; English Language teaching Quality ; Higher Education. English Language Division ;. Biskra University. Jel Classification Codes : M10 ; A20
Algerian Energy Policy After 2020: Comparative Swot Analysis For Promoting Renewable Energy And Shale Gas: Priorities, Opportunities And Challenges
(جامعة الوادي - University of Eloued, 2020-09-15) Ghandir, Hatem; Siagh, Ahmed Ramzi
The aim of this study is to examine the challenges and opportunities available in the field of new energies in Algeria, whether renewable energies or shale gas as an unconventional source of energy, these two energy fields are new in terms of investment and management in the country, which posed legislative, technological and financial challenges. On this basis, Algeria has approved a program for energy transition1 aimed at promoting the use of renewable energies, in order to avoid energy deficit. Therefore, according to the current “laissez-faire” scenario in terms of production and consumption, by 2030 the country may become unable to export, and then to an energy-importing country by 2040. Although the exploitation of shale gas in Algeria remains a matter governed by environmental, technical and financial challenges, but it represents an important bet for the country to enhance its energy and economic position. A SWOT analysis framework for a comparative analysis was applies to find out the various opportunities and challenges when exploiting renewable energy sources and shale gas, or when comparing these two sources in terms of economic and energy importance. The energy transition and exploiting different types of energy sources is no longer optional for Algeria, as the internal changes related to the decline in the national reserves of oil and gas and the increase in domestic demand. As well as external variables have pressed the Algerian decision-maker to respond to these changes. But it seems that what has been achieved so far in implementing renewable energy programs is very modest.
The Causality Relationships Between Poverty And Human Development: Empirical Evidence From Tunisia For The Period Of 1990-2017
(جامعة الوادي - University of Eloued, 2020-09-15) Belhaj, Besma; Berrek, Khadhra; Boukhris Hadda, Azhar
Summary: This paper seeks the two objectives are to examine whether there exists any relationship between poverty and human development, and research in the direction of causality between Tunisia's these two variables from 1990 to 2017 using Toda-Yamamota Granger causality approach. The experimental results of this study showed a strong inverse relationship between the two variables and there is a one-way direction causality relationship between human development and poverty, where the Tunisian state should take some measures to avoid the phenomenon of poverty by focusing and activating programs to educate the people and promote the economy, and this is in the form of plans studied by thinkers researchers in the field of human development and the State's search for alternative short-term solutions through the development of projects.
Financing In Private Banks And Their Role In Promoting Economic Development Case Study Of Jordan Housing Bank For Trade And Finance 2014-2018
(جامعة الوادي - University of Eloued, 2020-09-15) Ramdani, Wafa; Gaboussa, Ali; Abughalia, Wessam; Abushhewa, Abdulhakim
The research aims at diagnosing the reality of private banks and their role in enhancing the development capacity of the economy by highlighting on Jordan Housing Bank for Trade and Finance as a model for the study. The financial performance of this bank was presented to various economic agents in the Jordanian society. The Housing Bank for Trade and Finance can play a clear role in the development and upgrading of the development capacity of the Jordanian economy through a channel of different types of financing structures. The results showed the diagnostic and analytical side of the financing data. The extent of their contribution to economic development emphasises that private banks have a positive impact on economic growth and development in the country through increasing GDP, raising employment rates, etc. The correlation relationship between the structure of the financing structure and some economic development indicators indicated that financing structures granted by the Housing Bank for Trade and Finance have a positive relationship with GDP.
The Importance Of Activating The Stock Of Skills By The Operating Agencies - Tindouf Branch -
(جامعة الوادي - University of Eloued, 2020-09-15) Dene, Ahmed; Belghanami, Nadjat Wassila; Fardi, Hammad
This study aims to identify the role of employment agencies and offices in activating the stock of skills in the local regions. We followed the descriptive analytical method and case method ,Both the questionnaire and the interview were used ; We reached the following results by testing hypotheses that employment agencies and offices of different types have had a clear impact on the activation of the skills inventory in the National Employment Agency (ANEM) of the Tindouf branch . The results of the correlation coefficients between all the axes of the study are strong, which indicates a strong level of influence of statistical significance, then acceptance of the hypothesis of the study.
Immatériel, Développement Et Performance Chez Les Entreprises Performants : Cas De Schneider Electric, Samsung Et L’oréal
(جامعة الوادي - University of Eloued, 2020-09-15) Rouag, Soumia; Kaddouri, Amar
Dans une économie où le savoir, le savoir-faire et le faire-savoir sont devenus les clés de succès, les entreprises choisissent d’investir de plus en plus dans leur capital immatériel et cela à travers un ensemble d’actions et dépenses qui développent les connaissances et compétences de son capital humain, son capital relationnel et sociétal. La synergie qui existe entre les composants de l’actif immatériel garantie une rentabilité partagée, dont la performance d’un de ces éléments influe sur celle des autres. Si l’image de marque et la réputation de l’entreprise sont les explicateurs des fluctuations de la valeur marchande de l’entreprise, c’est parce qu’il reflète, le bien-être assuré aux employés et la responsabilité environnementale de l’entreprise et ses réalisation envers ces collaborateurs et sa communauté. Tout ça sera montré dans cette étude qui traite le comportement de Schneider Electric et l’Oréal et montre l’intérét tourné vers ces éléments de leur part. À travers une analyse des rapports intégrés.
Vertical Links In The Dairy Industry As A Response To Dependence On The Raw Material
(جامعة الوادي - University of Eloued, 2020-09-15) Ousalem, Alia; Belattaf, Matouk
The scarcity and insufficiency of national raw milk production is the hardest challenge that dairy industry faced. This industry become dependent from this resource for a long time. To face this, the government try to promote the national production by imposing the vertical integration as a solution. After having explained the contribution of the resource dependency theory in the explanation of vertical links in response to the risks engendered by a dependence on a raw material, our work aims to study these vertical links in the entire dairy industry in the Bejaia region, based on the results of a field survey of the local dairy industries. Studying vertical links can give us an overview of the degree of vertical integration in the dairy industry. The results of the Pearson correlation’s analysis revealed a strong interdependence between the variables, which demonstrates the strength of the vertical links that explain a significant degree of vertical integration for the entire dairy industry.
Cointegration And Causality Between Insurance Activity And Economic Growth In Morocco
(جامعة الوادي - University of Eloued, 2020-09-15) Mouloudi, Abdelaali
This paper is an attempt to study the effect of insurance services on economic growth and causality between both of them in Morocco using time series data for the period 1980-2017 where Augmented Dicky-Fuller test, Johansen cointegration test and Granger causality test are used. The unit root test exhibited that the two time series have a unit root at level and are stationary at the first difference. After implementing Johansen cointegration test, it was found that there is a long run relationship between insurance sector and economic growth. The long run link leads to check the direction of causality. The Granger causality test shows significant bidirectional causality between total insurance premiums and real gross domestic product. These findings accentuate the importance of insurance sector in promoting economic growth.
La Contribution Des Pratiques Du Conservatisme Comptable à L'amélioration De La Qualité Des états Financiers Dans L'environnement Algérien
(جامعة الوادي - University of Eloued, 2020-09-15) Demdoum, Zakaria; Sadraoui, Tarek; Berradia, Hakim
Résumé :Cette étude a pour objectifde démontrer l'étendue des pratiques de conservatisme comptable sur la qualité des états financiers à la lumière de l'application du système de comptabilité financière SCF, qui intègre la notion de prudence. L'étude a été réalisée en utilisant la méthode analytique descriptive, en appliquant à un échantillon de 104 qui comprend des comptables et des gestionnaires d'entreprises économiques des wilaya du sud-est (El oued, Ouargla, Biskra) en 2020, et le programme statistique SPSS a été utilisé pour vérifier les hypothèses de l'étude, nous avons conclu qu’il yà un effet statistique significatif duconservatisme comptable sur la qualité des états financiers à travers sa forte influence sur la divulgation et la transparence de l'information comptable, la qualité des bénéfices comptables, la qualité de l'information comptable, l'efficacité du gouvernement d'entreprise, et le coût des fonds propres. Abstract : The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the extent of accounting conservatism practices on the quality of financial statements in light of the application of the SCF financial accounting system, which incorporated the notion of prudence and conservatism. The study was carried out using the descriptive analytical method, applying it to a sample of 104 accountants and managers of economic enterprises in the south-eastern wilayas (El-Oued, Ouargla and Biskra) in 2020, and the SPSS statistical programme was used to measure and test the study's hypotheses, it was achieved through the study that there is a statistically significant effect of statistical significance of accounting conservatism on the quality of financial statements through its strong influence on (disclosure and transparency of accounting information, quality of accounting earnings, quality of accounting information, effectiveness of corporate governance, cost of funds held).
The Management Of Foreign Exchange Reserves In Algeria
(جامعة الوادي - University of Eloued, 2020-09-15) Ouaret, Samira; Yaici, Farid
Foreign exchange reserves have long been a very important part of the international monetary system. These reserves have developed drastically, especially in recent years. In the second quarter of 2019, the amount of reserves in the world exceeded 11730 billion American Dollar. Today, the priority is not the accumulation of reserves, but their management policies. In Algeria, foreign exchange reserves have also grown significantly in recent years due to the rise in oil prices in the world market. Reserves reached a peak in 2013 with 194.012 billion Dollar. After the fall in oil prices in June 2014, reserves decreased to approximately 73 billion Dollar in the first quarter of 2019. Algeria has always chosen a prudent reserve management policy for the management of its reserves. In the 2000’s, various strategic measures were taken by Algeria, including the repayment of external debt and the creation of an Income Regulatory Fund. In this article, we will explain this management adopted by Algeria by examining the annual reports of the Bank of Algeria and analyzing the data collected from different sources: Bank of Algeria, the Ministry of Finance and others, using figures and then identify the shortcomings of this management policy.
(the Asymmetric Impact Of Economic Growth On Unemployment In Algeria- Testing The Okun's Law (empirical Study For The Period 1980-2018
(جامعة الوادي - University of Eloued, 2020-09-15) Manna, Lamdjed; Rimi, Riadh; Touitou, Mohammed
The objective of this paper is to test the asymmetric effect between the change in unemployment rates (as a dependent variable) and the real economic growth (as an independent variable) according to the okun's law of the Algerian economy in 1980-2018 basing nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL). empirical results confirmed the absence of the equilibrium relationship - the long-term relationship - which interprets the absence of okun's law The asymmetry test also shows symmetry in the long-term relationship, but empirical results shows that there is asymmetry in the short-term relationship. تهدف هذه الورقة البحثية إلى اختبار الأثر اللامتماثل بين التغير في معدلات البطالة والنمو الاقتصادي حسب قانون أوكون (okun) للاقتصاد الجزائري ضمن الفترة 1980-2018 بالاعتماد على منهجية الانحدار الذاتي ذو الابطاءات الموزعة زمنيا اللاخطي(NARDL)، بحيث أكدت النتائج التجريبية غياب العلاقة التوازنية – العلاقة طويلة الأجل- مما يترجم غياب قانون أوكون في المدى الطويل، كما أن اختبار عدم التماثل يوضح وجود تماثل(symmetric) في العلاقة طويلة الأجل لكن العلاقة قصيرة الأجل تظهر النتائج التجريبية عدم وجود تماثل (Asymmetric).
La Filière De Production Blé Face à La Mondialisation : Cas De L'algérie
(جامعة الوادي - University of Eloued, 2020-09-15) Ferhat, Abderrazak; Chehat, Fouad
L’évolution de la céréaliculture algérienne entre 1962 et 2017 a été guidée par l’affirmation d’un objectif d’intensification et par un décalage entre cet objectif et les résultats obtenus dans la production. La filière de production des blés apparaît comme l’exemple typique. Par ailleurs, cette filière est fortement dépendante du marché mondial, du fait du processus d’industrialisation qui n’a pas réussi à établir de relations harmonieuses entre l’industrie de base et l’agriculture. Les importations de blés conçues au départ comme complément de la production nationale, vont progressivement constituer la principale source d’approvisionnement de la population tout en réalisant la déconnexion entre la céréaliculture et les industries agro-alimentaires.
Fréquence D’estimation De La Fonction De Volatilité Déterministe : Application Sur Des Options D’achat Européennes Sur L’indice S&p 500
(جامعة الوادي - University of Eloued, 2020-09-15) Sahnoune, Sid Ahmed; Benlaib, Boubakeur
tLe but de cette étude est de vérifier si l’augmentation de la fréquence d’estimation de la fonction de volatilité déterministe du modèle ad hoc Black & Scholes aboutit à une meilleure évaluation des options d’achat sur S&P500. A cette fin, nous avons comparé entre une estimation unique, mensuelle et hebdomadaire du modèle. Nos résultats démontrent qu’il n’est pas nécessaire d’opter pour une estimation hebdomadaire pour les options très dans la monnaie et dans la monnaie. En revanche, il est préférable d’utiliser une estimation hebdomadaire pour les options à la monnaie.

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