AJP_Vol 03 N 02
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Item The main treatments used for SARS-CoV-2 patients(جامعة الوادي - University of Eloued, 2022-12-30) Djamila, MERGHACHEAs the COVID-19 pandemic continues to ravage the world and threaten people's lives, treating infected patients effectively has been one of the top concerns for medical workers around the world. Currently, no medication is recommended to treat COVID-19, and no cure is available. Researchers are testing a variety of possible treatments. Several drugs are being researched in different countries. Most are existing drugs that are being trialled against the virus. Pharmaceuticals undergoing clinical trials to assess their safety and efficacy as potential treatments for COVID-19, include the antiviral nucleotide analogue remdesivir, systemic interferons and in particular interferon β-1a, the antiviral combination lopinavir/ritonavir, the antimalarial chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine, and monoclonal antibodies against components of the immune system such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-4. It is important that the potential treatments are carefully assessed in randomised controlled trials.Item A fortuitous encounter with the invasive gecko, Cyrtopodion scabrum (Heyden,1827) (squamata: Gekkonidae): A new locality of an in the province wilaya of Ouargla, south-east Algeria(جامعة الوادي - University of Eloued, 2022-12-30) Aicha, MOUANEA new locality of the Rough Bent-toed Gecko Cyrtopodion scabrum (Heyden,1827) is recorded from Ouargla province, south-east Algeria, where it was previously registered in northen Algerian Sahara at El Oued and El Menia. We based on observations of direct captures last 2021. C. scabrum is medium-size adult may reach 4.5±0.8Cm of snout vent length and up to 9.5 ±2Cm total length.Item Trapelus boehmei (Wagner, Melville, Wilms & Schmitz, 2011) (Squamata: Agamidae): New locality record in the South-west of Algeria at Tindouf(جامعة الوادي - University of Eloued, 2022-12-30) Mayssara, El Bouhissi; Fayçal, Seddiki; Abdelwahab, CHEDADTrapelus boehmei (Squamata: Agamidae) is distributed on the High Plateau of North Algeria, from M’sila to Naâma and Tlemcen-south. An uncertain presence noted from El Tarf to Batna and Tebessa in Northeast of Algeria. In this note, a new locality of this species at Tindouf region of Southwest of Algeria.Item Toxicological assessment of the aqueous leaves extract of Combretum platypterum (Welw) Hutch & Dalziel(جامعة الوادي - University of Eloued, 2022-12-30) DICKSON, UWAYA UWAYA; MacDonald, IduCombretum platypterum belongs to the family of Combretaceae. The leaf is used to treat fever, conjunctivitis, febrifuge, coughs, sexually transmitted diseases, diarrhea, and as a tonic. Despite it being used in ethnomedicine to treat various sicknesses, the safety profile of the leaf extract has not been reported. This study was aimed at testing the acute and sub-acute toxicological assessments of the aqueous leaf extract of Combretum platypterum.The acute study was carried out using mice and rats. In sub-acute experiments, the animals received 0.5, 1, and 2.5 g/kg of the plant extract orally per day for 28 days. The first weight and the last weight were taken. The liver, spleen, kidney, heart, lungs, and stomach were obtained, weighed, and fixed. Blood was obtained for haematology and biochemical assays. The LD50 of the root extract was indeterminable since there was no death in the mice and rats used. The leaf extract significantly increases (p<0.05) the body weight at the dose of 2.5g/kg compared to control. The body weight index was not affected compared to control (p>0.05). At 0.5 and 1 g/kg, the extract significantly increased the level of monocytes (p < 0.05) compared to the control. haematological parameters were not affected. Upon bichemical analysis of the leaf extract, 2.5 g/kg significantly (P<0.05) increased the level of HDL and 0.5 and 1 g/kg significantly (P<0.05) increased the level of TRI compared to control. Other parameters were not affected. This study shows that aqueous root extract is safe.Item Comparative sunscreen and stability studies of shea butter from Nigeria(جامعة الوادي - University of Eloued, 2022-12-30) Ibrahim Mohammed, Hadiza; Zainab, Mohammed; Oyi Rukayat, Avuashi; Ibrahim, GarbaShea butter extracted from the nuts of Vitellaria paradoxa is utilized as food, medicine and a significant source of income especially, in rural communities. The butter is reported to vary in their physicochemical compositions which may affect the sunscreen and stability of it, thus, the need for the present study. Shea nuts were collected from Ngaski (A), Bosso (B) and Yamaltu-Deba (C) of northern Nigeria. The in-vitro sunscreen activity was determined using UV-spectrophotometer and the stability study using plastic, clear and amber bottles stored in different conditions. The shea butter samples showed high SPF values at 1.00 % with shea butter C having the highest value at 37.49 % while shea butter A had the least value at 25.17. All the butter had sunscreen values less than 1 % at 0.50%. Samples stored in plastic, colourless and amber bottles in the refrigerator had higher moisture content. In comparison, those stored at room temperature had lower moisture content, although samples in amber bottles stored in the refrigerator were found to have fewer peroxide values.Item Comparative study of the antibacterial action of natural and commercial oils of Rosmarinus officinalis L(جامعة الوادي - University of Eloued, 2022-12-30) lakhdar, MazouzThe article tries to shed light on the antibacterial power of rosemary oils to see if there is a possibility of making drugs but also to compare this power with that existing in commercial oils of rosemary and to check if these formulas really contain oils rosemary. This study consisted of the extraction of the essential oil from the studied plant followed by preliminary phytochemical tests and then by TLC analyzes to determine exactly the different compounds that characterize the species and then by the antibacterial study on the plants diluted essential oils (synthesized and commercial). Phytochemical tests have shown that essential oils contain many chemicals and active ingredients that give rosemary a wide range of indications : The TLC of the raw extract shows stains, indicating the presence of flavone, hydroxyflavone, Dihydroxyflavone, flavanones, methoxyflavones and flavonols ; they are compounds of paramount importance in the therapeutic effects enjoyed by rosemary. The bacteriological study on essential oils (extract and commercial) by the process represented on the concentrated disk of essential oils shows good antibacterial activity on the fixed stem ; the zone of inhibition is of 08 and 06 mm for Escherischia. coli and 10.09 and 08 mm for Staphylococcus aureus and 17, 14, 13.11 mm for Klebsiela sp. Essential oils extracted from rosemary from Algeria will be of some economic interest in the Algerian pharmaceutical industry. The negative test of commercial rosemary essential oil compared to the positive tests of the rosemary extract (just 10 mm diameter at concentration D1 for Klebsiella. sp and zero results at all other concentrations with the other strains including those that reacted to the rosemary extract tested ) provides information on the counterfeiting that characterises this field.. The study confirms the interest we must bring to this plant, not only for its characteristics in the perfume industry, but especially for its undisputed medical virtues.Item Occurrence and Identities of Insect Pests of Vegetables in Ikorodu, Lagos, Nigeria(جامعة الوادي - University of Eloued, 2022-12-30) Tajudeen, Yahaya; Abdulmalik, Abdulazeez; Abosede, Adeosun; Haliru, Abdullahi; Hikmat, Ahmed; Angela, Daniel; Yusuf, Ibrahim IbrahimThis survey was aimed at determining the occurrence as well as identifying the insect pests of tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum), amaranths (Amaranthus spp.), lettuce (Lactuca sativa), green onions (Allium cepa), and cabbage (Brassica oleracae) grown during the rainy season in Ikorodu, Lagos, Nigeria, for effective control and management. After giving informed consent, structured questionnaires were used to collect demographic data from the participants, including age, sex, education level, and pest control strategy. Two vegetable arable farms were then selected, of which one was in Igbogbo town, close to Ikorodu metropolis (labeled A) and the second was in Bayeku town, which is far from Ikorodu metropolis (labeled B). After visual counting of pests on the vegetables early in the morning and late in the evening, they were captured with swoop nets, aspirators, and forceps, and then transferred to the laboratory in specimen tubes and rearing jars in triplicates, where they were identified using hand lenses and identification keys. The results show that the vegetable farmers were middle-aged men with at least a secondary school education, and chemical application was the most widely used pest control measure in the area. Farm A had 127 pests, with Solanum lycopersicum accounting for 57 (44.88%), followed by Amaranthus spp. (23, representing 18.11%), Brassica oleracae (19, representing 14.97%), Lactuca sativa (18, representing 14.17%), and Allium cepa (10, representing 7.87%). Farm B had 101 pests, of which Solanum lycopersicum accounted for 44 (43.56%), followed by Amaranthus spp. with 22 (21.78%), Lactuca sativa and Brassica oleracae each had 13 (12.87%), and Allium cepa had 9 (8.92%). Aphids were the most predominant pests with 69 members, followed by hornworms with 32, thrips and pumpkin bees each had 27, cutworms had 26, and white flies had 24, respectively. Overall, the results showed that there is a heavy pest infestation of vegetables in Ikorodu. Farmers need to be educated on pest control and management.Item Preliminary Screening for Antibacterial Activity of Endophytic Fungi isolated from Azadirachta indica and Mentha piperita against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa(جامعة الوادي - University of Eloued, 2022-12-30) Ibrahim, Mohammed Hussaini; Halima Sadiya, Ahmed; Hauwa’u, Ahmad; Mamunu, Abdulkadir Sulaiman; Aisha, UsmanEndophytes have been identified as reservoirs of novel bioactive secondary metabolites that can serve as a potential candidate for the development of new antimicrobial drugs. The aim of the study was to screen for antibacterial activity of endophytic fungi isolated from Azadirachta indica and Mentha piperita phyllosphere (healthy leaves). The endophytic fungi isolates were screened for their antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antibacterial activity of ethyl acetate extracts of the isolates was also determined. A total 35 endophytic fungi were isolated out of which 11 showed antibacterial activity against at least two of the test bacterial isolates. Ethyl acetate extracts of these 11 endophytes had varying degree of antibacterial activity with zones of inhibition ranging from 10±10 mm to 26±0.5 mm. Result of this study revealed that endophytic fungi isolated leaves of A. indica and M. piperita produce bioactive compounds with antibacterial activity against the test bacterial isolates.