Innovations in Nanoparticles: Exploring the Biological Activities of Artemisia Plant Extracts

Abstract

This research aims to study the chemical composition and biological activities of Artemisia herba-alba, a well-known medicinal plant traditionally used for its therapeutic benefits. Both the aqueous extract and essential oil of the plant were examined to assess their bioactive potential. Quantitative analysis was conducted to determine the levels of key phytochemicals such as phenolic compounds, tannins, and flavonoids, which are recognized for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using two methods: DPPH free radical scavenging assay and FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power) assay. The results showed strong radical scavenging and reducing capacities. Anti-inflammatory activity was assessed using the carrageenan-induced paw edema model in rats, where a significant reduction in inflammation was observed. Additionally, both the extract and the essential oil were tested for antibacterial activity against various microbial strains, showing promising inhibitory effects on the growth of certain microorganisms. In addition to conventional methods, nanotechnology was incorporated into this study to enhance the bioavailability and efficacy of the plant’s active compounds. Preliminary results indicated that nanoformulations may improve the stability and delivery of these compounds within the body. These findings suggest that Artemisia herba-alba, whether in its raw form or formulated using nanotechnology, represents a promising natural source of biologically active compounds. Further research is recommended to better understand the mechanisms of action, develop more efficient nanodelivery systems, and explore its potential applications in pharmaceutical and therapeutic fields.