Journal of el maaref for researches and historical studies مجلة المعارف للبحوث والدراسات التاريخية

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A Stylistic Study Of Epiphany In The Holy Quran
(University of Eloued جامعة الوادي, 2023-06-11) مقى عفاف
The moment of epiphany is considered one of the linguistic features that expresses the user's transition from one state to another, distinguished by a new awareness and comprehension of the variables of life. تعتبر لحظة الوعي إحدى السمات اللغوية التي تعبر عن انتقال المستخدم لها من حالة إلى أخرى ، وتتميز بوعي وفهم جديد لمتغيرات الحياة. لقد رافقت لحظة الوعي الإنسان منذ العصور القديمة و إلى وقتنا الحالي في جميع جوانب حياته. ما لفت انتباهنا هو وجودها في القرآن الكريم. وعليه فإن هذه الدراسة غير المسبوقة تهدف إلى تسليط الضوء على هذه الميزة في القرآن وبيان استخداماتها ومعانيها المختلفة. بإستخدام منهجي الأسلوبية الأدبية والأسلوبية الإحصائية ، تمكنا من إستخراج 42 حالة تعبر عن لحظة الوعي قسمت بالتساوي بين الحياة الدنيا و الآخرة. كماوجدناالإختلاف في أسباب ظهورهم و معانيهم.ثم إن لحظة الوعي في الحياة الدنيا تتسم بالرحمة والعودة إلى الله تعالى ، أماالإستعمال الثاني في الحياة الآخرة فيتميز بالحسرة والندم عند غير المؤمن عند رؤيته للعذاب. بالإضافة إلى ذلك إستكشفنا أنواع جديدة من لحظة الوعي ، وهي المباشرة وغير المباشرة ، بالإضافة إلى لحظة الوعي الكاذب
Abane Ramadane's Assassination
(University of Eloued جامعة الوادي, 2024-11-23) Lakehal,Chikh
يتناول الباحث في هذه الورقة البحثية إشكالية اغتيال الشهيد عبان رمضان من طرف زملائه، وهل كانت هذه التصفية الجسدية لصالح الثورة أم كانت انحرافاً عن مسارها؟ إن خصوم عبان رمضان لم يتوقفوا عند هذا الحد بل وصل بهم الأمر إلى اتهامه بالخيانة والتخابر مع المستعمر، وبهذا أعطوا لأنفسهم الذريعة للتخلص منه والغدر به. وقد توصل الباحث في ختام هذه الدراسة إلى أن حادثة اغتيال عبان رمضان لم تكن سوى حلقة مأساوية في تاريخ الثورة الجزائرية، وأن تغييب عبان بتلك الطريقة، لم تزد سوى في زرع بذور الشك بين قيادات الثورة في الداخل والخارج، كما أنها قد أعطت تقليدا سيئا لتصفيه الحسابات بين إخوة النضال. The problem of this study addresses is the assassination of the martyr Abane Ramadane by his colleagues. Was this physical liquidation for the benefit of the revolution or was it a deviation from its course? Abane Ramadane's opponents did not stop there, but even went so far as to accuse him of treason and collaborating with the colonialist, and in this way they gave themselves the pretext to get rid of him and betray him. The study concluded that Abane Ramadan's assassination incident was nothing but a tragic episode in the history of the Algerian Revolution, and that the disappearance of Abane in this way only fostered seeds of doubt between the leaders of the revolution at home and abroad, and it also gave a bad tradition of settling scores between brothers in struggle
The Abolition Act Of 1807
(جامعة الوادي - University of Eloued, 2022-05) Abbou, Tahar
The important human flow in the history of Africa, under the context of trans-Atlantic slave trade, decreased labour force and therefore the production of cash crops and minerals, which were of increasing demand after the advent of the Industrial Revolution. Under these circumstances, the British decided to prohibit slave trade by the Abolition Act of 1807, which generated divergent interpretations. While the official discourse stressed the humanitarian argument, others emphasised rather the economic reasons. The article attempts to find out the more determining factors to the reasons for the Abolition Act.
Castles And Military Fortresses In The City Of Oran
(University of Eloued جامعة الوادي, 2024-11-23) Cherfaoui,Radia; Fareeq Enad,Wijdan
The fortifications of the city of Oran are considered one of the largest defensive systems in the Maghreb. It is an elaborate and complex system dating back to the 10th century AH/16AD, which is the date of Spanish control over the city. As soon as the Mers el-Kébir and later the city of Oran were occupied, the Spaniards initiated the fortification process, due to the necessity of preserving the city. Its fortifications and defensive system were developed during three centuries of Spanish domination, so it was considered one of the best examples of fortified coastal cities, and its defensive fortifications were distinguished by being more comprehensive and complex than their counterparts that were built by the Spanish Empire in the rest of North Africa. The intervention aims to introduce the Spanish military fortifications in the city of Oran, its advantages and characteristics, and is it really considered a milestone on other military buildings?, And what can be concluded is that castles and forts gave the city of Oran a special architectural character on the military side, that the historical study curriculum is the most appropriate For this article to know the stages of the development of military engineering in Algeria in general and the city of Oran in particular.
The Civilizational Aspects Of The Levant Through The Book Of Countries To Ibn Al-faqih
(جامعة الوادي - University of Eloued, 2020-04) WISHAH, Ghassan Mahmoud
IBN AL-faqih Al-Baladin book considers one of the most important sources which contained important civilizational information about the Levant , Ibn alFaqih drew a completed picture about the civil of levant , the research contained a lot of important points: The first: Ibn al-Faqih definition and his method in preparing the book. The second : The benifets of the Levant from al-Baldin book. The third :the civilizational sides in the levant from alBaldin book , then , the results and list of important sources and references.
Egyptian Scientists In Palestine In The Mamluk Era And Their Civilizational Role
(جامعة الوادي - University of Eloued, 2020-04) Weshah, Ghassan Mahmoud
This research talks about the scientists who moved from Egypt to Palestine in Mamluk era (648 AH - 923 AH / 1250 AD – 1517 AD), and talks about their role in the scientific life in Palestine, so some of them did scientific seminars , graduated some scientists, classified the books and some of them participated in building the scientific institutes in Palestine.
Islamic Civilization: Sources Of Moderation And Manifestations Of Extremism
(جامعة الوادي - University of Eloued, 2019-09) Benkheira, Nadjib
The intellectual and economic stagnation that Muslim countries seem to suffer currently has resulted in self-doubt and suspicious scrutiny, by Muslims, of their cultural heritage and the foundations of their civilization. However, a strong sense of affinity to their culture has led many to believe that theirs is the morally stronger culture even though it is the weakest in material terms. The real conundrum here is this: why has the Muslim Civilization, with its strong emphasis on moderation and enlightenment and a glowing record in applying these principles, now become the source of some appalling manifestations of intellectual extremism and behavioral perversion. This paper will attempt to answer this question while exploring three main issues: I. Sources of Moderation in Islamic Civilization.
La Philosophie Juive Au Moyen-âge La Kabbale
(جامعة الوادي - University of Eloued, 2018-06) Bouffada, Houda; Ali Zoui, Nabil
داخل جسم الإنسان تتنفس الروح وكذلك داخل الممارسة الدينية تنتعش الحكمة أو ما يسمى في العقيدة اليهودية بالكبالا والتي تعني في الحقيقة الاستقبال فهي تمثل الحكمة واللاهوت وعلم الكونيات اليهودي. هي بالمجمل جانب من العقيدة التوراتية، وتمثل كدلك كل التعليمات والتوجيهات الروحانية المحيطة بالتوراة. ويعكف اليهود على ممارستها لأنها تمنحهم الإلهام في حياتهم اليومية لرفع كل التحديات والاستعداد للقيام بتجربة روحية في رحلة الحياة. ولا تعتبر الكبالا كدين وإنما هي فلسفة تقوم بتفسير كل ماهو باطني في الدين. وبخاصة بواطن التوراة والتقاليد اليهودية. Inside the human body breathes the spirit as well as within religious practice, the wisdom or the so-called Jewish creed of Kabala, which in fact means reception, is the wisdom, theology and Jewish cosmology. Is the sum of the biblical dogma,This represents all the spiritual instructions and directions surrounding the Torah. Jews are practising it because it gives them inspiration in their daily lives to raise all challenges and prepare for a spiritual experience in the journey of life. The Capala is not considered a religion but a philosophy that interprets all the mystical in religion. Especially the Torah and Jewish traditions.
La Politesse ; Une Stratégie Discursive Dans Le Discours Politique Ségolène Royale
(جامعة الوادي - University of Eloued, 2018-12) بوزريعة, ايمان
Résumé: Dans le présent article nous exposons le résultat d’une recherche dont la finalité est de démonter les fonctions des formules de politesse dans le discours politique et comment ces dernières sont-elles considérées comme stratégies discursives, nous avons, à cette fin, choisi le discours intitulé « La fraternité à son Zénith » de la candidate aux présidentielles de 2007 Mme Ségolène Royale dans son intégralité, prononcé le 27 septembre 2008, après sa défaite face à Nicolas Sarkozy.
La Présence De L'armée En Algérie
(جامعة الوادي - University of Eloued, 2021-05) Benmahammed, Younes
Résumé: Nous nous proposons dans cet article d’aborder la question de l’intervention de l’armée dans la politique algérienne depuis l’indépendance en 1962 jusqu’à l’avènement du pluralisme politique en 1989 et l’interruption du processus électoral en 1992. Il y sera fort mentionné le nom du colonel Boumediene (l’homme des frontières) qui a préparé le lit aux militaires au sein du parti unique le FLN en écartant toute opposition à l’ordre établi. Ce faisant, nous essayons de faire la lumière sur ce rôle réel de la grande muette dans les rouages du pouvoir. Abstrac: We propose in this article to address the question of the intervention of the army in Algerian politics from independence in 1962 until the advent of political pluralism in 1989 and the interruption of the electoral process in 1992. There will be much mentioned the name of Colonel Boumediene (the border man) who.
Le Cadre Juridique Et Les Normes D’éthique De La Presse Algérienne
(جامعة الوادي - University of Eloued, 2019-09) Djefafla, Daoud
En 1989, l’Algérie rentre dans l’ère du pluralisme politique et médiatique. A cette occasion, plusieurs journaux privés investissent le champ journalistique algérien. Les nouveaux protagonistes espèrent constituer une nouvelle réalité médiatique, celle de la liberté d’expression, dans un pays qui est en état de métamorphose en continu. La problématique qui se pose à ce niveau concerne l’adaptation de la presse algérienne aux dispositions juridiques et aux normes de l’éthique et de la déontologie.
Le Droit Des Eaux Pluviales Au M’zab Pendant L'époque Moderne
(جامعة الوادي - University of Eloued, 2017-06) بلحاج, ناصر
Résumé : La législation Mozabite concertant le partage des eaux, est une des composantes de notre riche patrimoine culturel algérien, et témoin d’un développement intellectuel marquant, qui mérite toujours d’être relu vu sa richesse. La crue de l’oued appelée en Tamazight locale « souf », est bien exploité par un régime strictement déterminé par la loi, qui donne au ʼamin le pouvoir de réprimer toute violation de ce régime et coutumes ancestrales.
Les Relations Commerciales Entre Le Maghreb Islamique Et Les Républiques Italiennes
(جامعة الوادي - University of Eloued, 2022-05) Bekai, Abdelmalek
Economic Relations are considered, in the Middle Ages, of the difficult things to study, for they derived from multiple sources and varied references as books of history and sources of the trip, geography and books of fiqh and chaos in addition to contracts books and the difficult increases more if we want to search for the relationship between the Muslim world and the Christian West and among it the relationship between the Islamic Maghreb and the Italian republics, the reason for this, is the fact that this relationship was between Islam and unbelief, so Faqih's authority interfered to determine the features of this deal, the same thing was done by the church, this last had with the Faqih the supreme word in this domain, particularly in the exceptional times, especially wars' period if the materials traded are essential material in the arms industry such as timber. Résumé: Les relations commerciales du Moyen Âge sont considérées parmi les thèmes les plus difficiles à étudier parce q’ elles découlent de différentes sources de références, telles que des livres et manuscrites d'histoire, des sources de voyages et de géographie, des recueils de jurisprudence et de calamités, en plus des cahiers de contrats, et elle devient encore plus difficile lorsque on recherche les relations entre le monde islamique et l'Occident chrétien, dont les relations entre le Maghreb islamique et les républiques italiennes, parce que ces relations existaient entre l'Islam et l'infidélité . Le pouvoir spirituel est intervenu pour définir les paramètres de cet accord, ce qui est également fait par l'Église. L’homme pieux et l'Église ont la parole suprême dans ce domaine, surtout pendant la période des guerres, et l’exception augmente si les matériaux commercialisés sont considérés comme un matériau de base dans la fabrication d'armes telles que le bois.
Réalité De L'enseignement En Langue Française
(جامعة الوادي - University of Eloued, 2023-02) Lalileche, Nadir; Ben Mebarek, Bensalem
In the present contribution, we will try to focus on the history of French language teaching in the Souf region in order to show the degree of influence of the historical-geographical dimension on the acceptance of this language by the speakers of this region. In order to achieve this result, we briefly review the existing scientific literature on this issue to see the place that this language has occupied in the lives of the natives and their attitudes towards the language of Molière, while at the same time exposing and analyzing what historians and researchers in the humanities and social sciences say, particularly in sociolinguistics, in order to see to what extent the results provide an answer to the problem posed, and whether the results are in line with what we have seen in the literature. concordance or not. In conclusion, we will show the weight of the historical-geographical dimension as a factor influencing language practices and, of course, the attitudes of speakers towards the languages in question. Résumé:Dans la présente contribution, nous allons essayer de mettre l'accent sur l'histoire de l'enseignement en langue française dans la région du Souf pour montrer le degré d'influence de la dimension historico-géographique sur l’acceptation de cette langue par les locuteurs de ladite région. Pour parvenir à tel résultat, nous faisons un bref survol de la littérature scientifique existante touchant cette question pour voir la place qu’a occupé cette langue dans la vie des indigènes et les attitudes de ceux-ci envers la langue de Molière, tout en exposant et analysant ce que disent les historiens et les chercheurs en sciences humaines et sociales, notamment en sociolinguistique pour voir dans quelle mesure les résultats donnent-ils des éléments de réponse à la problématique posée, et est-ce les résultats sont en concordance ou non. En conclusion, nous montrerons le poids de la dimension historico-géographique comme facteur influençant les pratiques langagières et bien évidemment les attitudes des locuteurs envers les langues en présence.
Students' Attitudes Towards The Incorporation Of Reading As A Mandatory Module In The First-year
(University of Eloued جامعة الوادي, 2024-11-23) Atik, Zid Ouahid
Reading is a fundamental skill for academic success, particularly in the context of English language learning. This study aims to gauge the attitudes of first-year students in the Department of English at the University of El Oued, Algeria, towards the incorporation of reading as a mandatory module. It adopted a descriptive survey design within a quantitative approach. A structured attitudinal questionnaire was administered to a sample of 183 students to collect quantitative data, which were analysed descriptively. The results revealed that first-year students developed positive attitudes towards the newly incorporated module as it helped them enhance other vital skills, including critical thinking skills, reading comprehension skills, and writing abilities. The study recommends conducting experimental studies to determine and measure the amount of reading impact on specific language skills.
A Study Of The Captives And Slavery In Ottoman Algeria Through Historical Studies And The Problematic Of Establishing Objectivity
(جامعة الوادي - University of Eloued, 2022-05) Amarouche, Hanane; Osmani, Ahmed
The Mediterranean peoples had intensively practiced corsair during the modern era due to the Christian-Islamic conflict, « the Holy War » and both worlds have seen their cause as a fair issue. As a result, captives in the cities of North Africa, especially Algiers, were known as war captives, but European sources considered the Christian in captivity as slaves and here we face the problematic of adjusting the terminology related to captivity and slavery, piracy and marine jihad. As historians, we have to understand, describe and explain the practice of slavery in North Africa and not employ it to appreciate its humanity or cruelty, but to confront it openly and boldly to reach objectivity . This can only be done by studying the activity of the Algerian navy during that period, assuming that the captive is the one who lost his freedom as result of those naval wars and what distinguishes him from the slave is his eventual return to freedom, contrary to the slave who will die in slavery ; but what do we call these prisoners who have died in captivity and have not recovered their liberty ?. عنوان المقال : "دراسة مسألة الأسرى والعبودية في الجزائر العثمانية من خلال الدراسات التاريخية وإشكالية تحقيق الموضوعية " مارست شعوب البحر الأبيض المتوسط القرصنة خلال العصر الحديث بشكل مكثف وتعود أسبابها إلى الصراع المسيحي الإسلامي " الحرب المقدسة"،وكلا العالمين نظروا إلى قضيتهما على أنها قضية عادلة، وكنتيجة لذلك وٌجد أسرى في مدن شمال إفريقيا بالأخص مدينة الجزائر عرفوا بأسرى حرب لكن المصادر الأوروبية اعتبرت المسيحيين الواقعين في الأسر عبيد وهنا ندخل في إشكالية حول ضبط المصطلحات المتعلقة بالأسر والاستعباد، القرصنة والجهاد البحري. ونحن كمؤرخين علينا فهم، ووصف، وشرح ممارسة العبودية في شمال إفريقيا وعدم استعمالها لتقدير الإنسانية أو عدم الإنسانية بل مواجهتها بصراحة وجرأة للوصول إلى الموضوعية، ولا يمكننا ذلك إلا بدراسة نشاط البحرية الجزائرية خلال تلك الفترة باعتبار الأسير هو ذلك الشخص الذي فقد حريته نتيجة تلك الحروب البحرية وما يميزه عن العبد استرجاعه لحريته في النهاية، عكس العبد الذي يموت في العبودية ولكن ماذا نطلق عن هؤلاء الأسرى الذين ماتوا في الأسر ولم يسترجعوا حريتهم.
The Environment In The Central Maghreb Through Hassan Al-wazzan’s Book Wasf Africaia
(University of Eloued جامعة الوادي, 2024-01-25) بن خيرة أحمد
The Central Maghreb constituted a fertile geographical area for humans and an area of stability for practicing activities related to aspects of life. What qualified this area was the environmental, geographical and climatic diversity. As such, humans interacted with this area in a way that enabled them to find a way of life that is compatible with the environmental structure. It is not surprising that We find in the countries of the Central Maghreb the emergence of cities as a result of this interaction, and the agricultural, industrial and commercial structure it requires, and these are the results of human adaptation and humiliation of the environment and forms of positive interaction.
The Mountain Field And Identities In The Arab Maghreb, Between The Past And The Present
(University of Eloued جامعة الوادي, 2024-01-25) مزردي فاتح; بوخليفي قويدر جهينة
The mountains are an indispensable part of nature, and Allah says in the Holy Quran in Surah An-nahl, “And Allah has made for you, from that which He has created, shadows and has made for you from the mountains, shelters and has made for you garments which protect you from the heat and garments which protect you from your [enemy in] battle. Thus does He complete His favor upon you that you might submit [to Him]” . Means that the mountains are part of the Earth balance.The mountain has occupied a central place in Maghreb architecture. It means the total that drafted the identity and unity of the country. It has been a bastion of demographic, cultural , economic resurgence and political issues. Human relationship with the mountains varies into differnet forms such us, expressing identity, stability, and reclamation. All which distinguishes the mountains in the country. Therefore, what is the role of mountain area in shaping identities in Arab Maghreb between past and present?
The Mountain Field And Identities In The Arab Maghreb, Between The Past And The Present
(University of Eloued جامعة الوادي, 2024-11-23) Mezerdi, Fateh; Boukhlifi Kouider, Djouhina
The fortifications of the city of Oran are considered one of the largest defensive systems in the Maghreb. It is an elaborate and complex system dating back to the 10th century AH/16AD, which is the date of Spanish control over the city. As soon as the Mers el-Kébir and later the city of Oran were occupied, the Spaniards initiated the fortification process, due to the necessity of preserving the city. Its fortifications and defensive system were developed during three centuries of Spanish domination, so it was considered one of the best examples of fortified coastal cities, and its defensive fortifications were distinguished by being more comprehensive and complex than their counterparts that were built by the Spanish Empire in the rest of North Africa. The intervention aims to introduce the Spanish military fortifications in the city of Oran, its advantages and characteristics, and is it really considered a milestone on other military buildings?, And what can be concluded is that castles and forts gave the city of Oran a special architectural character on the military side, that the historical study curriculum is the most appropriate For this article to know the stages of the development of military engineering in Algeria in general and the city of Oran in particular.
Topographic Illustration Among The Ottomans In The 16th Century Through
(University of Eloued جامعة الوادي, 2024-11-23) Bendjedou,Abdelfatah
This study aims to introduce the art of topographic illustration and cartography among the Ottomans. The exploration will encompass the emergence and development of this field, followed by an in-depth discussion of its principal characteristics and features during the 16th century, analyzed through selected examples. Specifically, two notable figures are examined: the famous sailor and geographer Piri Reis, known for his world maps and his renowned book "Kitāb al-Baḥrīyah" and the historian and mathematician Naṣūḥ Matrakçı, who also gained fame in the 16th century. For Piri Reis, the focus will be on his world maps and his famous book. For Naṣūḥ Matrakçı, the study will examine his three manuscripts, which include illustrations and topographic maps: "Süleymannâme," "Tārīkh al-Sulṭān Bāyazīd," and "Bayān Munāzil Safar 'Irāqayn." Particularly, the last manuscript in which he details the events of Al- Sulṭān Sulaymān al-Qānūnī campaign to Iraq, featuring 128 illustrations depicting stages of the campaign, many of which are topographic illustrations of various cities and places .

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