Algerian journal of engineering and technology

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    A brief review of features of copper indium disulphide (CuInS2) nanomaterials for quantum dot solar cells
    (University of Eloued جامعة الوادي, 2023-10-06) GargNitya
    Copper indium disulphide CuInS2 (CIS) is found to be an interesting nanomaterial belong to group I-III-V for quantum dot solar cell (QDSCs) application due to low toxicity, multiple exciton generation effect, high light absorption in the visible spectral range, appropriate band gap that coordinate well with the solar spectrum, unusual radiation tolerance, noticeable defect tolerance and low cost. Properties of this material that makes it important for use in quantum dot solar cell is also discussed in this paper. This paper summarizes the research going on in the field of synthesis of CuInS2 nanomaterials reported by different authors across the globe. Optical and photovoltaic properties of reviewed CIS QDSCs is also highlighted in this paper.
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    Adsorptive, kinetic and thermodynamic investigations of Sarcocephalus latifolius leaves extract as corrosion inhibitor on alloy steel in 0.6M HCl solution
    (جامعة الوادي - university of el oued, 2022-11-19) Iorhuna, Fater; Abdullahi, Muhammad Ayuba
    One of the materials that have many uses in the manufacturing, automotive, and construction industries is the alloy steel. When exposed to harsh environments this material is susceptible to deterioration and corrosion. Because of this reason, it is necessary to safeguard this valuable material. There have been many different methods used, but inhibition using particularly plant extract has reportedly been effective and acceptable to the environment. In this study, the behavior of alloy steel in 0.6M HCl at various concentrations of Sarcocephalus latifolius extract was assessed using weight loss and surface characterization methods of analysis. The plant extract's ability to inhibit corrosion increased during the weight loss experiment from 25.56% to 61.18% as concentration of the plant extract increased with a decrease in temperature from 323K to 303K respectively. Thermodynamic parameters of the inhibitory process were discovered to classify the process as feasible and spontaneous, obeying the Freundlich adsorption isotherm model's description of physical adsorption. The kinetic analysis of the inhibitory process demonstrates that it follows the first order model, with activation energy and half-life values rising with the concentration of the plant extract. In conclusion, Sarcocephalus latifolius extract is effective in inhibiting the corrosion of alloy steel in 0.6M HCl at low temperatures and higher plant extract concentrations through surface adsorption.
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    Al 6061-T6 microstructure and mechanical properties modification under ion beam irradiation at room temperature: Application for Nuclear Research Reactor
    (University of Eloued جامعة الوادي, 2023-10-06) Izerrouken, Mahmoud. Sari,Ali . Menchi,Omar. Haid , Fadila. Ishaq,Ahmed . ,Hocine, Slamene
    In this study, the aerodynamic performance of a small-scale drone propeller (Tmotor28 propeller) in axial flight has been analyzed using the Blade Element Momentum Theory (BEMT). Which is a powerful tool to model the aerodynamic interaction between the rotor/propeller and the fluid flow. The aim of this paper is to propose a BEMT model for the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). An open-source tool known as pyBEMT (Python programming language) has been used to calculate the aerodynamic performance of the propeller. The XFoil, which is based on the panel-vortex methods, has been used to find the lift and drag coefficients (CD and CL) of the propeller airfoils. The numerical results have been validated with experimental results. Good agreements have been found. This study introduces a straightforward and powerful calculation method for predicting and optimizing the aerodynamic performance of drones.
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    An overview of the relative neutron activation analysis performed in the NAA Laboratory of the CRND using NUR reactor
    (University of Eloued جامعة الوادي, 2023-11-21) Bouhila , Zohra. Azli, Tarek. Hadri,Abderrezak. Boukhadra , Dallel . Benbouzid , Sofiane . Nouri, Ramy. Chettah,Amina
    Neutron activation analysis is a highly sensitive method for multi-elemental analysis, primarily focusing on the induced radioactivity in atomic nuclei rather than the inherent chemical and physical properties of samples. This approach requires exposing the sample to neutron irradiation, typically conducted within a nuclear reactor. One of the most successful applications of Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) in the vicinity of the NUR reactor pertains to its use in environmental studies. It facilitates the monitoring of the distribution of trace elements (TEs) and the attribution of emission sources by analyzing samples from diverse environmental sources, including soil, air, and bioaccumulative plants collected from various locations near Algiers, Algeria. Since 2010, our laboratory has actively engaged in proficiency tests with WEPAL/IAEA, which has been instrumental in advancing and refining the methods of Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA) employed in this domain. The outcomes derived from these environmental investigations substantiate the presence of more than 30 trace elements. Comparing the enrichment factors (FEs) reveals the contribution of anthropogenic pollution, such as vehicles emitting Sb, Se, and Zn, brickyards releasing As, Co, Cr, Fe, Na, Se, Sc, Ta, and Tb, as well as soil resuspension leading to the release of Br and Zn. Additionally, our laboratory has conducted further studies in the realm of biology using the relative approach of NAA. The primary objective has been to harness the potential of NAA for early diagnosis in cases of cancer and chronic diseases. Consequently, we've examined the trace element composition in the whole blood of both healthy individuals and those afflicted by illnesses. We achieved this by subjecting lyophilized blood samples from adult subjects to simultaneous irradiation alongside an A13-IAEA blood standard. The elemental concentrations were subsequently calculated by measuring gamma rays using a gamma spectrometer. We simultaneously determines the concentrations of ten elements: Rb, Fe, Zn, Na, K, Br, Se, Sr, As and Sc.
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    Application of HEC-RAS model for adaptive water allocation in a Large-Scale Rice Irrigation Scheme
    (جامعة الوادي - university of el oued, 2021-09-30) Ismail, Habibu; Kamal, Md Rowshon; Shanono, Nura Jafar; Amin, Sunusi Abubakar
    Water allocation is a key component of good water management in an irrigation system. Water imbalance between upstream and downstream has been a major issue at Tanjung-Karang Rice Irrigation Scheme Malaysia. This study applied the HEC-RAS model to estimate water for supply and analysed its allocation to the demand in the scheme. Water demand was computed based on water requirement, effective rainfall and seepage/percolation. Results of R2, NSE, PBIAS and RSR during the model calibration and validation were 0.66, 0.64, 0.94 and 0.60; and 0.65, 0.59, 1.77 and 0.64, respectively. The irrigation scheme was under-supplied from January-March and over-supplied from April-June during the off-season. While in the main-season was under-supplied from July-September and over-supplied from October-December. Similarly, the excess water during the off and main seasons for the period was 40.10 and 52.40 Mm3 respectively. Whiles the deficit water during the same seasons was 52.46 and 53.14 Mm3, respectively. This suggests providing an adequate storage facility, which could store excess water during low water demand and use it in the period of water shortage. The developed model could therefore assist in estimating the over/under-supply with respect to the demand thereby storing the excess for use during the period of high demand.
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    Application of polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine complex as corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel using an experimental design method
    (جامعة الوادي Université ofEl-Oued, 2022-01-28) Attar, Tarik; Benchadli, Abbes; Mellal, Tayeb; Benabdelkader, Ilyes; Dali Youcef, Boumediene; Choukchou-Brahama, Esma
    Corrosion processes are responsible for numerous losses, especially in the industrial sector. Inhibitors are commonly used to prevent corrosion in acidic medium. The aim of this study was to apply an experimental design to optimize the influencing parameters such as inhibitor concentration, temperature and immersion time on the corrosion inhibition of polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine (PVP-I) complexes on carbon steel using the weight loss technique (WL). The parameters of the corrosion protection process were optimized and predictive mathematical models were developed using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) using the Central Composite Design (CCD). It was also found that the data predicted by the regression analysis had a good agreement with the data obtained from the experiments, with the values R2 = 0.999 and Adj. R2 = 0.997 for the inhibitory effect. The best efficiencies for experiments that were not performed were determined by experimental design (DOE).
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    Ararem, Abderrahmane . Slamene , Hocine . Dendene ,Omar. Non-destructive multielement analysis of airborne particles by instrumental neutron activation analysis
    (University of Eloued جامعة الوادي, 2024-03-08) Ararem Abderrahmane-Slamene Hocine
    Instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) was used for the determination of the elemental composition of aerosol samples. Two samples of air of approximately 20 m3 each one were collected of the atmosphere around the Es-Salam research reactor site in Algeria. The irradiation of the samples and reference materials was carried out during 30 s for the elements of short half-life and 06 h for the elements of medium and long half-life with a thermal neutrons flux of 1.12 1013 and 6.88 1013 n/cm²s respectively. Ge(Hp) -spectrometry made it possible to determine fifteen elements (Al, Cl, Mn, Ca, Cd, Br, La, Fe, Nd, Ce, Hg, Cr, Hf, Sb and Zn). The obtained results for the used reference materials almost perfectly match its certified values (Zscore<2).
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    Arhaliassb,Abdellah . Dynamic simulation of preformed aqueous foam stability for enhanced oil recovery application
    (University of Eloued جامعة الوادي, 2023-08-31) Sakhi Tayeb -CheminiaRachida-SalhiaYacine -ArhaliassbAbdellah
    Aqueous foam is a two-phase system consisting of a continuous liquid phase and a dispersed gas phase. Foams are widely used in a variety of industrial operations, such as the enhanced recovery of hydrocarbons. Because of their unique properties, they can solve a variety of reservoir heterogeneity problems, including early gas breakthrough, channeling, and even viscous fingering. A variety of phenomena affect the stability of foams during flow, for example, the drainage process, gas diffusion, and bubble coalescence. In this research, we used the level-set method to simulate foam stability in various aspects, such as factors affecting foam drainage and coalescence phenomena. According to the simulation results, the foam's lifetime is greatly impacted by the phenomena of drainage and coalescence. Moreover, its stability is strongly influenced by salt as well as the type of gas used to generate it
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    A brief review of features of copper indium disulphide (CuInS2) nanomaterials for quantum dot solar cells
    (جامعة الوادي Université ofEl-Oued, 2023-10-06) Garg, Nitya
    Copper indium disulphide CuInS2 (CIS) is found to be an interesting nanomaterial belong to group I-III-V for quantum dot solar cell (QDSCs) application due to low toxicity, multiple exciton generation effect, high light absorption in the visible spectral range, appropriate band gap that coordinate well with the solar spectrum, unusual radiation tolerance, noticeable defect tolerance and low cost. Properties of this material that makes it important for use in quantum dot solar cell is also discussed in this paper. This paper summarizes the research going on in the field of synthesis of CuInS2 nanomaterials reported by different authors across the globe. Optical and photovoltaic properties of reviewed CIS QDSCs is also highlighted in this paper.
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    Broken rotor bars fault detection in induction motors using FFT: simulation and experimentally study
    (University of El-Oued, 2019-12-28) Kechida, Ridha; Menacerb, Menacerb; Cherifa, Hakima
    This paper presents the fault detection of broken rotor bars based on the analysis technique, such as the fast Fourier transform (FFT), which utilize the steady-state spectral components of the stator quantities is considered. This technique has been given expected results, the accuracy of this technique depends on the loading conditions and constant speed of the motor. This method shows good theoretical and experimental results
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    Causes of pavement failure of Edunabon – Sekona road, Osun State, Nigeria
    (جامعة الوادي Université ofEl-Oued, 2022-05-31) Mohammed, Hussein
    The study investigated the Edunabon-Sekona road, Osun State, in Southwest Nigeria, to determine the causes of its failure. A condition survey of a five kilometre stretch of the road was carried out to visually assess and characterize the pavement distresses. In-situ density tests were conducted using the core cutter method at intervals of 500 m along the route. Soil samples were collected at these intervals for laboratory tests and selected engineering properties were determined, using standard procedures. Deflection at every point as well the representative rebound deflection was determined using appropriate equations. The condition survey showed widespread distresses. The average in-situ density (IDD) value was 1.55 g/cm3, while the maximum dry density (MDD), relative density (RD) and deflection (δ) mean values were 1.94 g/cm3, 80 % and 0.66 mm, respectively. The representative rebound deflection (δrrd) was 1.10 mm. The study concluded that the pavement failed due to the low relative density and representative rebound deflection values of the subgrade.
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    Combating chloride ions in reinforced concrete using K2Cr2O7 as corrosion inhibitor
    (جامعة الوادي - university of el oued, 2020-11-28) Mayowa Ikumapayi, Catherine; Adedamola Adeniji, Akintayo; Osamudiamen Idehen, Emmanuel; Barnabas, Abel Adeiza
    The ingress of chloride ions from seawater in contact with concrete reinforced structures is one of the major causes of deterioration in the construction industries worldwide. This gives rise to corrosion of embedded steel in the concrete structures which sooner or later results in dilapidation, deterioration and partial or total failure of the reinforced structure. In this study potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) solution was used to mitigate the effects of chloride ions in reinforced concrete. Cylindrical concrete samples of size 15mm x 36mm diameter with cement to sand mix ratio of 1:6 and a water cement ratio of 0.5 were prepared. 12 mm high yield reinforcing bars were inserted into the sample. The samples were then immersed in NaCl solution with varying concentration of K2Cr2O7. Both weight loss method and linear polarization measurement were performed on the samples. Data acquisition and analysis were carried out using 4 decimal places electronic weighing balance, a potentiostat interfaced and a computer. The results from the weight loss method showed that the weight loss decreased from 0.7629g to 0.1398g for the 7th and 35th day respectively. Results from the potentiodynamic polarization method further revealed the efficiency of K2Cr2O7 in mitigating corrosion.
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    Comparative studies between aluminium sulphate, moringa seed and green plantain peel as coagulants
    (جامعة الوادي - university of el oued, 2021-09-18) Ogbozige, Francis James; Nwobu, Helen Uzoamaka
    Aluminium sulphate (alum) is the most commonly and widely used coagulant in water treatment plants however, literatures have revealed that it has certain setbacks that needs to be addressed including imparting acidity and hardness to water. Hence, the coagulation capacities of the seeds of moringa (Moringa oleifera) and peels of unripe or green plantain (Musa paradisiaca) which are abundantly available and currently considered as waste in most developing countries, were investigated in comparison with alum. This was achieved by using standard methods to treat raw water at different dosages of coagulants (100-600mg/l) prepared from moringa seed and plantain peel, and comparing the performances of these coagulants with that of aluminium sulphate (alum) used in treating same raw water at same dosages. Parameters checked are turbidity, pH and hardness. Results showed that alum performed best in terms of turbidity removal followed by moringa seed solution and then plantain peel solution. This is because alum reduced the water turbidity by 99.94% at an optimum dosage of 100mg/l while moringa seed and plantain peel solutions reduced the turbidity by 80.27% at 300mg/l and 63.99% at 500mg/l respectively. Nevertheless, it was noted that at optimum dosage of alum, the water pH was reduced from 6.7 to 6.2 as against the WHO permissible limits (6.5 – 8.5), and the harness level was increased by 22.43%. On the contrary, at the optimum dosages of moringa seed and plantain peel solutions, the pH were raised to 7.3 and 7.5 respectively, which is within the permissible limits and also, the hardness levels were reduced by 13.41% and 8.52% respectively. It was concluded that moringa seed solution could replace alum successfully but plantain peel solution needs modifications in order to improve the turbidity removal capacity before replacing alum although, it could be used in the absence of other conventional coagulants.
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    Comparative studies of the curing and hardening process of soaps produced from locally processed saturated and unsaturated fatty acids
    (جامعة الوادي - university of el oued, 2021-08-08) Faruk, Mohammed Umar; Akeeb, Nuruddeen Adebayo; Bello, Kalgo Yusha'u
    paper presents a comparative study of the curing and hardening processes of five soaps produced from Nigerian local oils (Palm oil, Palm-kernel Oil, Groundnut oil, Shea-butter oil and Tallow oil). The curing process was investigated by drying the soap samples under natural conditions and obtaining their daily moisture loss for duration of 21 days. Hardness tests based on the Brinell Hardness Methodology was conducted using a locally improvised manual indenter with a test load of 6.585kgf or 64.553N. Graphical plots of the moisture loss versus a one day time interval showed that all the soaps exhibited similar behaviour in the curing process, characterized by exponential decay in the rate of moisture loss. Superimposition of the curves into one graph showed very close fitting between the curves, indicating that the rates of moisture loss are very close. Graphs of the hardening process of the soaps showed that there are similarities in the hardening behaviour of the soaps with the curves exhibiting two hardening regions, a region of non-linear hardening and a region of constant hardening. Results showed that the hardness of the soaps varies in this order: tallow (1.88 HN) >shea butter (0.3 HN) >palm kernel (0.25 HN >palm Oil (0.15 HN) > groundnut oil (0.13 HN).
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    Comparative study of biogas yield from animal manure in barn and farm
    (University of Eloued جامعة الوادي, 2023-02-17) MohammedMuetaz - Boghandora Sulaiman- HassanRazena- JirhimanAbraheem- Ahmeedah Ali
    The need for energy crops and animal manures for the production of biogas is rising globally. Farmers that raise cattle may use manure as an alternative energy source. Manure is partially converted into energy in the form of biogas by an anaerobic digester. To improve the biogas yield from animal manure must be taken into consideration the quality of manure. It is clear that the difference in the method of pasture has an important impact on biogas production. The study aims to compare the amount of biogas produced from manure animals in barns (closed pastures) and animals in farms (open pastures). The study included different types of manure cows, sheep, and poultry. Experiments were performed in a 2 L plastic bottle digester in a water bath at a 37°C mesophilic range. During the 12-day hydraulic retention period, a mixture of animal dung and water was employed in a 1:1 ratio (HRT). The volumetric water replacement method was used to calculate the amount of gas produced. The results showed that the barn manure had higher biogas production than the farm manure approximately 3 times because their feed had concentrated nutritional supplements
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    Comparative study on the performance of natural and synthesized adsorbents onto uranium (VI) sorption
    (University of Eloued جامعة الوادي, 2023-11-08) Bayoua Naima- Houhounea Fatima-KhemaissiaSihem- AmarbHamid Aït- LouniscAli
    The aim of this study is to compare the performance of natural and synthesized material to adsorb uranium. Synthesized Silico-Alumino-Phosphate (SAPO) material is compared to raw and chemically activated Algerian Aleppo pine sawdust (Raw-AAPS and CA-AAPS). The uranium sorption parameters, isotherms modelling, kinetic modelling and decontamination factor results, showed that adsorbents used are effective for the removal of uranium (VI) ions and the performance of the adsorbents follows the order: SAPO > CA-AAPS> Raw-AAPS. The natural material presents less sorption capacity comparatively to the synthesized adsorbent, but it is economically favored because of its abundance in nature and its low cost.
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    A conceptual framework for assessing the impact of human behaviour on water resource systems performance
    (جامعة الوادي - university of el oued, 2020-06-21) Shanono, Nura Jafar; Ndiritu, John
    The persistent poor performance of water resource systems (WRS) has been reportedly linked to not only climate change and dilapidated water infrastructures but also human unlawful activities. Some of these unlawful activities include unauthorized water abstractions, wastage, excessive losses, discharging untreated wastewater, over‐application of chemicals and fraudulent incidences. Despite advances in WRS planning and operational analysis, incorporating such undesirable activities to quantitatively assess their impact on WRS performance remain elusive. This study was then inspired by the need to develop a methodological framework for WRS performance assessment that integrated human impacts with WRS analysis tasks. A conceptual framework for assessing the impact of human behaviour on WRS performance using the concept of socio-hydrology is proposed herein. The framework identifies and coupled four major sources of water values (WRS, goals, managers and users) using three activities serving as the missing links between these values (interactions, outcomes and feedbacks). The framework can be used as a database for choosing relevant social and hydrological variables and to understand the inherent relations between the selected variables to study a specific human-water problem in the context of WRS management.
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    Consolidation and collapse behavior of silty soil reinforced with plastic water bottles wastes
    (University of Eloued جامعة الوادي, 2023-07-13) MishaaFarah-Aldaood ,Abdulrahman
    This research paper has focused on the influence of plastic waste materials (water bottles) on the consolidation and collapse behavior of silty soil. The silty soil was randomly reinforced with various fiber content (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% of the dry weight of soil) having various lengths of 10, 20 and 30 mm. The soil samples were prepared at the maximum dry unit weight and the optimum moisture content of unreinforced soil, (natural soil) using standard compaction efforts. The variation in the compaction, collapse and consolidation characteristics of unreinforced and reinforced soil samples were evaluated. The test results indicated that there was a slight reduction in both the maximum dry unit weight and the optimum moisture content of soil samples with fiber addition. The collapse index increased with increasing fiber content, while the fiber length enhance the collapsibility of silty soil. Further, the compression index of reinforced soil samples followed the same trend as the collapse index
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    Contribution to characterization of the Zinc retention by marl collected from the aquifer substratum
    (University of Eloued جامعة الوادي, 2023-11-07) Bellaloui Mourad- Benneml Messaoud- Semaoune Farida- Larbaoui Djamel- OtsmaneDjaber- Melhani Yasmine-Amrane Amina- Ladjouzi Samia
    This research paper has focused on the influence of plastic waste materials (water bottles) on the consolidation and collapse behavior of silty soil. The silty soil was randomly reinforced with various fiber content (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% of the dry weight of soil) having various lengths of 10, 20 and 30 mm. The soil samples were prepared at the maximum dry unit weight and the optimum moisture content of unreinforced soil, (natural soil) using standard compaction efforts. The variation in the compaction, collapse and consolidation characteristics of unreinforced and reinforced soil samples were evaluated. The test results indicated that there was a slight reduction in both the maximum dry unit weight and the optimum moisture content of soil samples with fiber addition. The collapse index increased with increasing fiber content, while the fiber length enhance the collapsibility of silty soil. Further, the compression index of reinforced soil samples followed the same trend as the collapse index
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    Corrosion inhibition effect of benzaldehyde (Methoxybenzene) for Aluminium in sulphuric acid solution
    (جامعة الوادي - university of el oued, 2020-11-13) Abdullahi, Ayuba; Muhammad, Abubakar
    Corrosion inhibitory effect of benzaldehyde (methoxybenzene) on aluminium in sulphuric acid media was studied by weight loss measurement and characterization was carried by FTIR analysis. From the results it was found that increase in inhibitor concentration lead to the increase in inhibition efficiency and decreases when the temperature increased. Plots of ln (wi - Δw) against time gave a linear graphs which confirmed a first order reaction mechanism for aluminium in inhibited and uninhibited acid solution. The activation energy value of uninhibited acid solution was found to be 36.39 kJ/mol which increased to 62.32 kJ/mol when 0.1 M concentration of the inhibitor was added. There was a decreased in the values of the rate constant from uninhibited to inhibited acid solution while those of half-life increased from uninhibited to inhibited acid. The obtained values of entropy change (ΔS), enthalpy change (ΔH) and Gibbs free energy of adsorption (ΔGads) were also evaluated and discussed. The activation energy values and that of Gibbs free energy of adsorption support the physisorption mechanism between the molecules of the inhibitor and Aluminium surface