Algerian journal of engineering and technology

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Identification, purification and quantification of Toxins “Ochratoxin A” in Algerian grape juice
(University of El-Oued, 2019-12-28) Mazrou ., Soraya; Messaoudi, Mohammed; Begaa ., Samir; Akretche, Djamal Eddine
This study aimed to investigation the mycotoxin of Ochratoxin A (OTA) which can contaminate grape in mediterranean basin. Its toxicity was subject of many animal studies and carcinogenic characters are well established today. So the European Committee has fixed the maximum in grape 2μg/L. Most methods used for mycologic identification is based mainly on the morphological characters. It was identified after its purification by the technique of culture monospore on the culture medias Potatoes Agar and Czapek Yeast extract Agar. The detection and quantification of this mycotoxin by uses combined techniques: immunoafinity for the purification and the HPLC coupled with the fluorometric detector. This chromatographic system allowed us to estimate the contamination of Ochratoxin in the grape which is lower than 30 ng/L. The concentration of conidia at Aspergillus section Nigri was estimated at 3×106conidia/mL. The value obtained is less than 30 ng / L and is lower than that fixed by the EC. So, we confirm that our sample does not present serious risks to the human health. We have also confirmed fungus belonging to A. Niger specie, which normally does not produce OTA.
An overview on desiccant assisted evaporative cooling in hot and humid climates
(University of El-Oued, 2019-12-28) Jani Dilip, Batukray
In last few decades due to global warming the temperature of the earth increases continuously day by day responsible for the increased energy demand for cooling the building space. Vapor compression based conventionally used traditional air conditioners consume tremendous energy for cooling the building. So, it is time to search for cooling system which maintains necessary thermal comfort at optimum energy use. Desiccant assisted evaporative cooling system having greater potential for use of renewable solar energy as well as effectiveness in terms of maintaining comfort in hot and humid climate. In the present paper, solid desiccant based evaporative cooling systems are reviewed and it is shown that desiccant assisted evaporative cooling perform better and displayed comparatively lower energy consumption as compared to the traditional air conditioning systems.
Study of corrosion inhibition of Aluminum in nitric acid solution using Anisaldehyde (4-methoxy benzaldehyde) as inhibitor
(University of El-Oued, 2019-12-28) Husaini*, Husaini; Usmana, , Bishir; Ibrahima, , Muhammad Bashir
The inhibitive action of Anisaldehyde (4–methoxy benzaldehyde) on corrosion of Aluminum in nitric acid solution was studied through weight loss method. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic Analysis (FTIR) was used to characterize the inhibitor and the corrosion product. The effect of different inhibitor concentrations was studied at 308, 313 and 318 K. The present study showed that the percentage of inhibition efficiency (% I.E.) is enhanced with increase of inhibitor concentration and decrease with rising in temperature. Maximum I.E. of Anisaldehyde was found 86.32 % at 308 K and 0.1M inhibitor concentration in 1.4M HNO3 solution. The inhibitive action of the inhibitor is discussed in view of adsorption of Anisaldehyde molecule on the metal surface. It was found that the adsorption of the inhibitor on the metal surface follows Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Activation parameters governing the adsorption process were evaluated and discussed in detai
Broken rotor bars fault detection in induction motors using FFT: simulation and experimentally study
(University of El-Oued, 2019-12-28) Kechida, Ridha; Menacerb, Menacerb; Cherifa, Hakima
This paper presents the fault detection of broken rotor bars based on the analysis technique, such as the fast Fourier transform (FFT), which utilize the steady-state spectral components of the stator quantities is considered. This technique has been given expected results, the accuracy of this technique depends on the loading conditions and constant speed of the motor. This method shows good theoretical and experimental results
Effect of rice straw ash on soil properties and yield of cucumber
(University of El-Oued, 2019-12-28) Muazu Dantala, Zakari; Babangida, Ibrahim; Nasid, Nuraddeen Mukhtar; Jafar Shanonoa, Nura; Muntaqqa, Ibrahim; Tijjani, Usman; Abubakar, Ahmad
Many farmers in Nigeria are paying close attention to using Rice Straw Ash (RSA) as a soil fertility enhancement additive. The short and long-term effects of applying this ash to the soil quality were not adequately investigated, however. This research was conducted at the Departmental Farm of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Bayero University, Kano to access the impact of RSA on the soil’s physiochemical properties and on cucumber yield. Twelve (12) experimental plots were treated with different amounts of RSA (0 Kg, 1 Kg, 2 Kg and 3 Kg) to assess the intensity effect of the treatment on both soil physiochemicals and crop yield. For each experimental plot, soil properties (moisture content, porosity, bulk density, electrical conductivity, organic matter, pH and sodium concentration, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium) were measured and analyzed before and after the experiment. The results showed that the application of ash increased moisture content, bulk density, porosity, electrical conductivity, organic matter and sodium concentration while reducing the pH, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium levels. The mean yield in 0 Kg RSA (21,84tons / ha) was found to be the highest. There was a drop in the yield (13.08-14.14tons / ha) of crop in the plots treated with RSA. The research concluded that continued use of RSA could lead to a reduction in crop yield as the EC level was found to be rising. It is on this basis that farmers are advised to avoid the use of RSA as an additive for soil fertility enhancement and other means should therefore be used.
Study of corrosion inhibition performance of Glutaraldehyde on Aluminium in nitric acid solution
(جامعة الوادي - university of el oued, 2019-12-29) Husaini, , Musa Musa; Usman, Bishir Bishir; Ibrahim, Muhammad Bashir
The inhibition effect of glutaraldehyde on the corrosion behavior of aluminium in 1.4 M nitric acid solution was studied using weight loss method, adsorption studies and characterized instrumentally by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic (FT-IR) analysis. The effects of inhibitor concentration, temperature and surface coverage were all investigated. The effect of inhibitor concentration and other parameters were evaluated for different inhibitor concentrations and the probable mechanism for the studied inhibitor was also proposed. The results showed that glutaraldehyde possess an excellent inhibiting effect toward the corrosion of aluminium in nitric acid solution with highest inhibition efficiency of 84.68, 81.34 and 76.87 % at 308, 313 and 318 K in the presence of 0.1 M inhibitor concentration. The values of the activation energy, rate constant, half-life and rate constant in uninhibited acid solution were 31.84 kj mol-1, 3.9 k ×10-3 hr-1 and 1.76 × 102 hr which changed to 57.64 kj mol-1, 0.60 k ×10-3 hr-1 and 11.55 hr in the presence of 0.1 M inhibitor concentration. The positive values of enthalpy reflect the endothermic nature of the reaction. The negative values of entropy (ΔS) signified that the activated complex in the rate determining step represented an association, rather than dissociation. The adsorption of the inhibitor on the metal surface followed Langmuir adsorption isotherm.
Study of corrosion inhibition performance of Glutaraldehyde on Aluminium in nitric acid solution
(University of Eloued جامعة الوادي, 2019-12-29) Husainia, Musa; Usmana, Bishir; Ibrahim, Muhammad Bashir
The inhibition effect of glutaraldehyde on the corrosion behavior of aluminium in 1.4 M nitric acid solution was studied using weight loss method, adsorption studies and characterized instrumentally by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic (FT-IR) analysis. The effects of inhibitor concentration, temperature and surface coverage were all investigated. The effect of inhibitor concentration and other parameters were evaluated for different inhibitor concentrations and the probable mechanism for the studied inhibitor was also proposed. The results showed that glutaraldehyde possess an excellent inhibiting effect toward the corrosion of aluminium in nitric acid solution with highest inhibition efficiency of 84.68, 81.34 and 76.87 % at 308, 313 and 318 K in the presence of 0.1 M inhibitor concentration. The values of the activation energy, rate constant, half-life and rate constant in uninhibited acid solution were 31.84 kj mol-1 , 3.9 k ×10-3 hr-1 and 1.76 × 102 hr which changed to 57.64 kj mol-1 , 0.60 k ×10-3 hr-1 and 11.55 hr in the presence of 0.1 M inhibitor concentration. The positive values of enthalpy reflect the endothermic nature of the reaction. The negative values of entropy (ΔS) signified that the activated complex in the rate determining step represented an association, rather than dissociation. The adsorption of the inhibitor on the metal surface followed Langmuir adsorption isotherm.
Influence of a different fault scenarios on the properties of multi-phase induction machine
(2020-01-25) Khadara, Saad
This paper deals with the influence of a stator fault, power switch faults and open phase fault conditions on the properties of a five-phase induction machine under open-end stator winding (OeW-FPIM). This paper will develop an accurate mathematical model to simulate the faulty OeW-FPIM drives. The proposed model is based on the theory of electromagnetic coupling of electrical circuits coupled to the differential equation system governing the machine behavior in presence of the stator winding faults. In fact, when a short circuits between coils occurs, the stator winding function of the injured phase changes. As a consequence, the stator resistance, the stator inductance of this phase and its mutual inductance with all the other circuits change also. Consequently, the inductances and resistance matrices will be changed by taking into account the introduced coefficients of short-circuited turns. The performance of the OeW-FPIM drives have been tested via simulation under different fault scenarios conditions.
Synthesis and characterization of schiff base of 3-[(2-Hydroxy-phenylimino)-methyl]-6-methoxy-quinolin-2-ol and its metal complexes and their evaluation for antibacterial and antifungal activity
(جامعة الوادي - university of el oued, 2020-01-29) Jabbi, Abubakar Muhammad; Husaini, Husaini, Musa Musa; Aliyu, Aliyu, Habu Nuhu Habu Nuhu
A Schiff base of 3-[(2-Hydroxy-phenylimino)-methyl]-6-methoxy-quinolin-2-ol was synthesized by a 1:1 molar condensation of 2-Hydroxy-6-methoxy-3-quinolinecarboxaldehyde and 2-aminophenol. The metal (II) complexes were synthesized by refluxing the ethanolic solutions of the Schiff base and the chloride salts of the metals. Melting point, decomposition temperature, solubility, elemental analysis, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, magnetic susceptibility and molar conductivity measurements were used to characterized the Schiff base and its metal complexes. The Schiff base is yellow and it has a melting point of 251 OC. The decomposition temperature of the Cd (II) and Cu (II) complexes were 282 and 270 OC respectively. The elemental analysis of the complexes established the formation of 1:1 metal - ligand ratio. The non-electrolytic natures of the complexes were revealed by the molar conductivity values. The behavior of the Schiff base and its coordination with the metal ions was suggested by the infrared spectral data via the azomethine nitrogen and hydroxyl oxygen after deprotonation. The solubility test of the Schiff base and its metal complexes were carried out by using different solvents. The antibacterial and antifungal activity were performed and discussed.
Kinetic and thermodynamic studies of malachite green adsorption using activated carbon prepared from desert date seed shell
(جامعة الوادي - university of el oued, 2020-01-30) Yunusa, Umar; Usman , ,Bishir; . Ibrahim, . Ibrahim, Muhammad Bashir Muhammad Bashir
The negative effect of high concentration of dyes in the aquatic environment on humans and aquatic plants prompted this research. The adsorption of hazardous malachite green (MG) from aqueous solution using activated carbon derived from desert date seed shell (DDAC) was examined. Batch equilibrium technique was employed to study the effect of contact time (5-120 min), initial concentration (20-100 mg dm-3) and temperature (303.15-333.15 K) on the adsorption capacity of the prepared adsorbent. Experimental data were analyzed using five kinetic models: pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, Elovich, intraparticle diffusion and Boyd models and it was found that the pseudo-second-order model fitted the adsorption data most with the highest correlation (R2 = 0.9999). The overall adsorption process appears to be jointly controlled by intraparticle diffusion and film diffusion mechanisms. Studies of thermodynamic behavior revealed negative values for ΔG (-11.45 to -13.42 kJ mol-1), and a positive value for ΔH (8.39 kJ mol-1) and ΔS (0.065 kJ mol-1 K-1). These indicated the feasibility, endothermicity and spontaneity of the removal process. The results demonstrated that the adsorbent could be exploited in the removal of MG from aqueous solution.
Experimental study of exfoliation corrosion-induced mechanical properties degradation of Aluminum alloys: 2024-T3 and 5083-H22
(2020-02-04) Brahamia, Abdessamad; Fajouib, Jamel; Bouchouichaa, Benattou
In the present paper, the impact of exfoliation corrosion (EFC) of 2024 and 5083 aluminum alloys on the residual mechanical properties was investigated. Tensile test had been carried out on pre-corroded specimens, exposed to laboratory accelerated exfoliation corrosion solution. The analysis suggests that exfoliation exposure leads to decrease the mechanical properties of all materials. The effects of the grain boundary character distribution and precipitates on corrosion are discussed on the basis of experimental observations by Scanning Electron Microscope SEM combined with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy EDS analysis.
An overview on use of renewable solar energy in desiccant based thermal cooling systems
(جامعة الوادي - university of el oued, 2020-05-12) Batukray, Jani Dilip
The use of thermal energy produced by renewable solar heat is an interesting option for desiccant regeneration in comfort space cooling system. Various options available for collecting the solar radiations to provide reactivation heat for desiccant regeneration in desiccant assisted dehumidification and cooling system. This means of thermal cooling is economically viable as well as environment friendly. The integration of different solar collectors with the desiccant cooling cycle is resulted to the green cooling as it eliminates the use of CFC based ozone depleting refrigerants and CO2 as green house gases which is responsible for global warming. An overview is presented to introduce different configurations of the combined system and performance evaluation of the same under different climatic situations.
Vulnerability of p otential s oil e rosion and r isk a ssessment at h illy f arms using InSAR t echnology
(جامعة الوادي - university of eloued, 2020-05-22) Nasidi, Nuraddeen Mukhtar; Wayayok, Aimrun; Abdullah, Ahmad Fikri; Mohd Kassim, Muhamad Saufi
Soil erosion is a serious environmental challenge which is persistently diminishing the available land resource in many places around the world, particularly the highlands areas. The traditional approach of estimating the magnitude of erosion is tedious, costly, and considerably time consuming. This study is aimed at assessing the risk level associated with soil erosion at hilly areas of Cameron Highlands through Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR). The digital elevation model with 5 m resolution was utilized to generate the slope map for the highlands. Soil erosion rates was estimated using universal soil loss equation, while information about land use and cover were sourced from relevant government agencies. The analysis shows that, there was about 217.5 km2 (30.5%) of highlands fall under severely steep zone with slope ≥ 45-degree. Moreover, erosion risk assessment indicated that; 66.3%, 11.4%, 11.7% and 10.8% of the severe sloppy lands are classified as very low to high susceptible to soil erosion respectively. In general, the risk of soil erosion is relatively low and could be attributed to large vegetation coverage despite steep slopes. However, there is need to deploy a control measures to reduce soil disturbance activities on highlands with extremely steep slope as a proactive measures to minimize the effect of potential soil erosion
Vulnerability of potential soil erosion and risk assessment at hilly farms using InSAR technology
(جامعة الوادي - university of el oued, 2020-05-22) Nasidi, Mukhtar Nuraddeen; Wayayok, Aimrun; Fikri, Abdullah; Mohd Kassim, Muhamad Saufi
Soil erosion is a serious environmental challenge which is persistently diminishing the available land resource in many places around the world, particularly the highlands areas. The traditional approach of estimating the magnitude of erosion is tedious, costly, and considerably time consuming. This study is aimed at assessing the risk level associated with soil erosion at hilly areas of Cameron Highlands through Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR). The digital elevation model with 5 m resolution was utilized to generate the slope map for the highlands. Soil erosion rates was estimated using universal soil loss equation, while information about land use and cover were sourced from relevant government agencies. The analysis shows that, there was about 217.5 km2 (30.5%) of highlands fall under severely steep zone with slope ≥ 45-degree. Moreover, erosion risk assessment indicated that; 66.3%, 11.4%, 11.7% and 10.8% of the severe sloppy lands are classified as very low to high susceptible to soil erosion respectively. In general, the risk of soil erosion is relatively low and could be attributed to large vegetation coverage despite steep slopes. However, there is need to deploy a control measures to reduce soil disturbance activities on highlands with extremely steep slope as a proactive measures to minimize the effect of potential soil erosion.
A conceptual framework for assessing the impact of human behaviour on water resource systems performance
(جامعة الوادي - university of el oued, 2020-06-21) Shanono, Nura Jafar; Ndiritu, John
The persistent poor performance of water resource systems (WRS) has been reportedly linked to not only climate change and dilapidated water infrastructures but also human unlawful activities. Some of these unlawful activities include unauthorized water abstractions, wastage, excessive losses, discharging untreated wastewater, over‐application of chemicals and fraudulent incidences. Despite advances in WRS planning and operational analysis, incorporating such undesirable activities to quantitatively assess their impact on WRS performance remain elusive. This study was then inspired by the need to develop a methodological framework for WRS performance assessment that integrated human impacts with WRS analysis tasks. A conceptual framework for assessing the impact of human behaviour on WRS performance using the concept of socio-hydrology is proposed herein. The framework identifies and coupled four major sources of water values (WRS, goals, managers and users) using three activities serving as the missing links between these values (interactions, outcomes and feedbacks). The framework can be used as a database for choosing relevant social and hydrological variables and to understand the inherent relations between the selected variables to study a specific human-water problem in the context of WRS management.
Environmental Nano-remediation in Nigeria: A Review of its potentials
(جامعة الوادي - university of el oued, 2020-10-09) Chukwuma, Chris Okonkwo; . Francis, Odikpo Edoziuno; Louis, Chukwuemeka Orakwe
Pollution of the environment is one of the most pressing problems confronting developing nations such as Nigeria and the world at large. Due to the unchecked quest for infrastructural and technological development, we have continuously explored and exploited our natural resources, paying little or no attention to the impact of these exploitations on our ecological environment. This negligence has resulted in some severe environmental degradation and the conventional methods previously employed in addressing these issues are no longer efficient, thus there is need for novel, innovative, advanced and efficient environmental remediation alternatives. Nanotechnology offers such alternatives and although most countries are embracing the idea, Nigeria is yet to fully explore this alternative. This paper seeks to throw more light on the application of nanotechnology as viable technique in remediating polluted soil and marine environment in Nigeria.
Strength analysis of concrete pavement deformation due to Alkali Silica Reaction (ASR)
(جامعة الوادي - university of el oued, 2020-10-14) Ariyo, , Adanikin; Funsho, Falade; Olutaiwo, Adewale
Alkali Silica Reaction (ASR) is a chemical reaction that negatively affects concrete pavements strengths and integrity. ASR impedes concrete pavements' performance due to the formation of cracks and ultimate deformation if not properly controlled. Concrete pavements are gaining more relevance due to their ability to be constructed on soils with low bearing capacity and support high traffic loadings, thus increasing the need for studies on how ASR in the concrete pavements can be mitigated. This study employed compressive and flexural strength tests to determine the strength properties and deformation of concrete pavements due to ASR when partially replaced with CBA at varying percentages. Static structural modelling of the concrete as a multiphase material in which aggregates, cracks and gel formations are considered as embedded inclusions in the cement paste is then carried out. The results are then compared with relevant standards and findings of other researchers. The study's findings reveal that all the concrete cube samples passed the recommended compressive strength for rigid pavement, which range from 35 - 40 N/mm2 at 28th day. The concrete cube samples also passed the target strength of 48.25 N/mm2 obtained from the mix design. The effect of ASR resulted in lower compressive and flexural strengths observed at 180th and 240th days with lower CBA addition, while samples containing higher CBA contents had increasing compressive strength. The static structural modelling results reveal that the maximum deformation was obtained for the concrete cubes admixed with 0% CBA with 47.045 mm while the least deformation was obtained at 30% CBA replacement with deformation value of 5.542 mm on application of a 900 KN force. Therefore, the study posits that CBA addition will help reduce Portland Cement Concrete Pavement deformation due to ASR in relation to traffic loadings.
Corrosion inhibition effect of benzaldehyde (Methoxybenzene) for Aluminium in sulphuric acid solution
(جامعة الوادي - university of el oued, 2020-11-13) Abdullahi, Ayuba; Muhammad, Abubakar
Corrosion inhibitory effect of benzaldehyde (methoxybenzene) on aluminium in sulphuric acid media was studied by weight loss measurement and characterization was carried by FTIR analysis. From the results it was found that increase in inhibitor concentration lead to the increase in inhibition efficiency and decreases when the temperature increased. Plots of ln (wi - Δw) against time gave a linear graphs which confirmed a first order reaction mechanism for aluminium in inhibited and uninhibited acid solution. The activation energy value of uninhibited acid solution was found to be 36.39 kJ/mol which increased to 62.32 kJ/mol when 0.1 M concentration of the inhibitor was added. There was a decreased in the values of the rate constant from uninhibited to inhibited acid solution while those of half-life increased from uninhibited to inhibited acid. The obtained values of entropy change (ΔS), enthalpy change (ΔH) and Gibbs free energy of adsorption (ΔGads) were also evaluated and discussed. The activation energy values and that of Gibbs free energy of adsorption support the physisorption mechanism between the molecules of the inhibitor and Aluminium surface
Corrosion inhibition potentials of Strichnos spinosa L. on Aluminium in 0.9M HCl medium: experimental and theoretical investigations
(جامعة الوادي - university of el oued, 2020-11-21) Muhammad Ayuba, Abdullahi; Ameenullah, Abdullateef
Aluminium is known as one of the most useful metals on earth which is also subject to corrosion under certain environments. Many methods have been used to minimize its corrosion, but the use of inhibitors is widely accepted. The use of green inhibitors has gained wide usage because of its environmental friendliness. The experimental studies of the corrosion inhibition potentials of Strichnos spinosa L was carried out using weight-loss and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), whereas theoretically, quantum chemical parameters and molecular dynamic stimulations of some compounds isolated from the plant in literature were studied. The analyses of the experimental results showed that the extract of Strichnos spinosa L. extract decreased the corrosion rate of Aluminium in 0.9M HCl in the order: 0.2g/l < 0.4g/l < 0.6g/l respectively from 303-323K. The inhibition efficiency decreased with increase in temperature and was found to be 84.7%. FTIR results showed that the inhibition mechanism is physical through the functional groups present in the extract. The data obtained were fitted into various adsorption isotherms and relatively the Freundlich isotherm was found to be the best fit. Relying on quantum chemical parameters and molecular dynamic stimulations results, the adsorption/binding strength of the concerned inhibitor molecules on Aluminium surface follows the order Ursolic acid>Betulinic acid>Erythrodiol. The computed adsorption/binding energy values (Eads) for the various isolated compounds from the plant indicate the adsorption process to be non-covalent (physiosorption) which is in good agreement with the experimentally determined adsorption mechanism.
Geotechnical properties of some selected lateritic soils stabilized with cassava peel ash and lime
(جامعة الوادي - university of el oued, 2020-11-27) Ayodele, Adekemi L; Mgboh, Chinedu V; Fajobi, Adeyemi B
This study presents the influence of cassava peel ash (CPA) and lime on some geotechnical properties of three lateritic soils. This is with a view to the use of locally available agricultural waste in stabilising lateritic soils. Soil samples (termed A, B, and C) were collected from three different locations in Osun state, South West, Nigeria. Some properties such as particle size distribution, liquid limit (LL), plastic limit (PL), Compaction properties (optimum moisture content, OMC and Maximum dry density, MDD), California bearing ratio (CBR) and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of the soil samples were determined. Cassava peel collected from a cassava processing factory was calcined at 700oC and CPA produced was sieved through sieve No. 40. Different percentages, 2, 4, 6, 8% (by weight of dry soil) of CPA and a fixed percentage (4%) of lime were mixed with the lateritic soil. Lime was added to supply calcium ion (Ca2+) needed for formation of Calcium Silicate stabilising compounds. The LL, PL, OMC, MDD, CBR and UCS of the stabilised soil samples were determined. There was a general improvement in the geotechnical properties of the soil (especially samples A and B) with about 20% reduction in LL, 38% increase in CBR, 120% increase in UCS. The study revealed that a combination of CPA and lime has the potential of improving the geotechnical properties of fine grained lateritic soil

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