دراسة فيتوكيميائية للمستخلصات الميثانولية لثمار نبات الرمث والفعالية المضادة لألكسدة والمضادة للميكروبات.

Abstract

This study investigated the phytochemical composition and biological activities of methanolic extracts from Haloxylon scoparium Pomel fruits harvested in Douar El Ma EL-OUED, Algeria; October 2024. maceration (FM) and Soxhlet extraction (FS). Extraction yield assessment revealed that maceration achieved the highest yield (12.07%), while Soxhlet extraction yielded 10.79%. Preliminary phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, polyphenols, and saponins. Quantitative determination of polyphenols, flavonoids, and tannins showed comparable results with marginally higher concentrations in maceration extracts. The results were as follows: total polyphenols: FM: 0.176 ± 0.024 mg GAE/mg, FS: 0.129 ± 0.016 mg GAE/mg; tannins: FM: 0.0094 ± 0.008 mg CAE/mg, FS: 0.0071 ± 0.012 mg CAE/mg; flavonoids: FM: 0.0052 mg CE/mg, FS: 0.0037 mg CE/mg. Biological activities were evaluated using DPPH antioxidant assay, antimicrobial activity (against bacteria and fungi), cytotoxicity testing, and hemolysis assay. The Soxhlet extract (FS) demonstrated superior antioxidant activity (IC 0.138 ± 0.092 mg/mL) compared to the maceration extract (FM: IC 0.686 ± 0.029 mg/mL). Furthermore, FS exhibited lower cytotoxicity (38.93% inhibition vs. FM: 60% inhibition). In conclusion, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis was conducted on both extracts. Both extracts displayed antimicrobial efficacy against bacteria and fungi, with variations dependent on microbial species and extraction methodology. These findings support the potential use of H. scoparium fruit extracts as natural sources of bioactive compounds for pharmaceutical applications.