آليات الدفاع و الإستغاثة عند النبات ضد الحشرات العاشبة دراسة مقارنة و مراجعة

Abstract

This work aims to understand the various defense mechanisms and distress signals in plants against herbivorous insects, supported by studying previous experiments conducted on sweet pepper (Capsicum annum) and cabbage (Brassica Oleraces). The results have shown that plants are intelligent organisms that solve problems they encounter from different environmental conditions and respond to them with coordinated and flexible behavior. They possess the ability to sense and move, and the success of a plant's survival depends on the success of its communication process, whether within the plant itself or with other organisms of different species. It has also been found that plants have structural, biochemical, and acquired defense mechanisms. The results indicate that plants are intelligent organisms that work to solve problems they face from different environmental conditions and respond to them with coordinated and flexible behavior. They also have the ability to sense and move, and the success of a plant's survival depends on the success of the communication process, which involves its interaction within the plant itself or with other organisms of different species. As it turns out, plants have structural, biochemical, and acquired defense mechanisms. They also employ direct and indirect methods to fend off attacks from herbivorous insects. Additionally, they can send warning signals to neighboring plants or emit distress signals to attract natural predators of insect pests.Through previous research and experiments, it has been found that sweet pepper and cabbage plants engage in indirect defense against herbivorous insects by emitting volatile organic compounds. The sweet pepper plant (Capsicum annum) releases volatile compounds like butanoate, methyl salicylate, and methyl jasmonate hexyl. These compounds attract insects like F. Occidentalis and O. laevigatus. The cabbage plant (Brassica oleracea) releases volatile compounds like decane and myrcene 5-methyl-1-phenyl. These compounds attract insects like Myzus persica and parasites like A. colemani and A. abdominalis.