Evaluation of the physiological alterations and cardiotoxicity induced by doxorubicin chemotherapy in women cancer patients in El-Oued region and Study of the protective effect of Ocimum basilicum L. and MgNPs from these changes on Wistar rats

Abstract

This investigation was aimed to determine the side effects of doxorubicin in cancer patients and study the effect of leaves aqueous extract of Ocimum basilicum L. and magnesium oxide nanoparticles for prevention of cardiotoxicity and heart failure induced by doxorubicin in rats. For patient study, 22 women with cancer and control were chosen, blood samples were collected from them and some biochemical, enzymatic and hematological markers were measured. For in-vivo rats study, twenty five female albino Wistar rats, weighing between 184.84 ± 8.48, were divided into 5 groups (n = 5); control group, doxorubicin treated rats group (Doxo), rats co-treated with doxorubicin and aqueous extract of O. basilicum group ( Doxo + O. basilicum), rats co-treated with doxorubicin and magnesium nanoparticles group (Doxo + MgNPs) and rats co-treated with doxorubicin, aqueous extract of O. basilicum and magnesium nanoparticles group (Doxo + O. basilicum + MgNPs). Doxorubicin induced cardiotoxicity using intraperitoneally single dose 1.5 ml/kg/week. O. basilicum treated orally at a dose 200 mg/kg/day and MgNPs was supplemented intraperitoneally at one dose/week, 50 mg/kg for 4 weeks. Various hematological, biochemical, electrolyte, enzymatic, and oxidative stress markers were estimated. Histopathology of heart tissues was observed. Results of patients study show that doxorubicin induced change in biochemical and enzymatic markers of heart function in women cancer patients compared to women control. Results of in vitro phytochemical and HPL test results revealed that O. basilicum contains most of active compounds, especially flavonoids of various kinds with high antioxidant activity and without toxicity in rats. But, the MgNPs has a toxicity in rate up a dose (500mg/kg). Results of in-vivo rats study show that doxorubicin treated rats induced elevation in doxorubicin level in heart tissue, alteration in hematological and biochemical parameters compared to control group. In addition, doxorubicin treated rats induced oxidative stress and histological alteration in heart cells compared to control rats. Co-treatment of doxorubicin with leaves aqueous extract of O. basilicum and/or MgNPs were partially reversed all of previous parameters. This study indicated that the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant property of leaves aqueous extract of O. basilicum and MgNPs allowed to use them to protect organs from the side effects of drugs or from the destructive effects of various diseases. Other studies are necessary to delve into these findings and to determine the factors responsible for the beneficial effects.