Study of the biological activities of Novel green and red clay nanoparticles synthesized by Aristolochia longa aqueous extract

Abstract

The term "clay" may refer to a clayey substance used in various industries, which mainly consists of silica and aluminum minerals. Clay materials are known for their unique properties, such as the ability to absorb and retain water, and the bonding between particles to form a fine structure. The aim of this study is to use aqueous extract of A. Longa to prepare red and green clay nanoparticles and investigate their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Phytochemical screening of A. longa aqueous extract showed the presence polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins, carbohydrates, and saponins. Total phenolic and flavonoids content in A. longa roots was found to be 31.274± 0.440 mg GAE/g 1.6647 ±0.0966 mg QE/g. The nanoparticles were characterized using various analytical techniques including UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDX), light Microscope and X-ray diffraction (XDR). The antioxidant activity of A. Longa and red and green clay nanoparticles was evaluated using the FRAP assay, while anti-inflammatory and hemolysis assays were also performed. The obtained results show that the minerals that make up the clay were transformed into nano-sized less than 170 nm in irregular crystalline shape and that the main minerals were silica carbon, calcium and magnesium. Results of Antioxidant activity show that both A. Longa and red and green clay were exhibited reducing capacity, with IC50 values 0.563, 3.012 and 1.44 mg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, both elements demonstrated an anti￾inflammatory ability, with IC50 values 0.034, 0.0374 and 0.0015 mg/mL, respectively. In addition, the study indicated the photocatalytic and sonocatalytic efficiency of red and green clay nanoparticles against methylene blue (MB), achieving degradation efficiencies of (93.14% and 87.13%) (84.47% and 49.32%), respectively, under UV light irradiation and without. In conclusion, This study suggested a the phytosynthesis of the clay nanoparticles have a potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities and high catalytic activity in photonic and sonotic conditions which indicate that our new products can be used in pharmaceutic and environmental field.