الرقابة على دستورية القوانين في ظل التعديل الدستوري 2016
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Date
2017
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جامعة الوادي -University eloued
Abstract
إن فكرة الرقابة على دستورية القوانين في التجربة الجزائرية حديثة العهد بحيث اقترن تاريخها بتاريخ الدستور ذاته، ولدت الرقابة الدستورية مع دستور 63 ومرت بعدت مراحل ميزت الساحة التشريعية فتزامنت كل مرحلة بدستور معين.
تم إنشاء مجلس دستوري مكلف بالسهر على دستورية القوانين في دستور 89 ذلك بعد سحبه من دستور 63 بموجب دستور 76، ثـــم بعد ذلك عقبته جملة من النصوص القانونية التي حاولت ظبط عملية الرقابة وإجراءات المجلس الدستوري، من بين هذه النصوص المرسوم الرئاسي 89/143 المحدد لقواعد عمل المجلس الدستوري وكذلك دستور 96 والتعديل 2016.
احتقظ المؤسس الدستوري في التعديل الأخير ببقاء المجلس الدستوري كهيئة رقابية إلا أنه عدل في موادها وأضاف الجديد. فسابقا كان يتشكل المجلس من 9 أعضاء بيسنما بحلول التعديل أصبح يتشكل من 12 عضو ممثلين عن السلطات الثلاث بشكل متساو مما يضمن حتما الإستقلالية والنزاهة في أداء الوظيفة، كمـا مـدد مدة العضـوية لتصبــح 8 سنـوات بدلا من 6 سنوات. واظاف شروط للإلتحاق بعضويـة المجلس لم تعهــدها الدساتيـر السابقــة فأوجب أن يبلـغ العضو المترشــح 40 سنة كاملة يوم التعيين أو الإنتخاب كما أوجب أن يتمتع بخبرة مهنية لا تقل على 15 سنة في التعليم العالي في العلوم القانونية أو في القضاء أو في مهنة محام لدى المحكمة العليا أو مجلس الدولة أو في وظيفة عليا بالدولة.
أما عن جهات الإخطار فقد تم توسيعها، فإلى جانب رئيس الجمهورية ورئيس المجلس الشعبي الوطني ورئيس مجلس الأمة تم إدماج الوزير الأول ليكون أيضا جهة مختصة بالإخطار إظافة إلى المعارضة البرلمانية التي مكنها الدستور ممارسة هذا الحق عن طريق إخطار من طرف 50 نائبا أو 30 عضو، ولم يكتفي المشرع بهذا فحسب بل ذهب إلى أكثر من ذلك حيث أحدث إجراءا آخرا يباشر بواسطته المجلس الرقابة الدستورية، يتمثل هذا الإجراء في الدفع بعدم دستورية القوانين عن طريق إحالة من طرف احدى الجهات القضائية العليا.
The idea of censorship of the constitutionality of laws in the Algerian experience is so recent that its history coincided with the date of the Constitution itself. Constitutional oversight was born with the Constitution of 63 and passed through the phases of the legislative arena.
A Constitutional Council was established to supervise the constitutionality of the laws in the Constitution of the Republic of Turkey, after it was withdrawn from the Constitution of Constitution No. 63 under the Constitution of 76. Subsequently, it was followed by a number of legal texts that tried to control the process of censorship and the procedures of the Constitutional Council. The work of the Constitutional Council as well as Constitution 96 and Amendment 2016.
The constitutional founder observed in the last amendment the existence of the Constitutional Council as a supervisory body, but amended its articles and added the new. Previously, the Board was composed of nine members. The amendment was made up of 12 members representing the three authorities in an equal manner, guaranteeing independence and integrity in the performance of the post, and extending the membership to 8 years instead of 6 years. The conditions stipulated for admission to membership of the Council have not been fulfilled by the previous constitutions. The candidate must be informed of the full 40 years of the appointment or election day. He must have at least 15 years of professional experience in higher education in the legal sciences or in the judiciary or in the profession of a lawyer before the Supreme Court or Council. The State or a senior State post.
In addition to the President of the Republic, the President of the National People's Assembly and the Speaker of the Council of the Nation, the Prime Minister was also incorporated to be a competent authority to notify the parliamentary opposition that the Constitution enabled the exercise of this right by notification of 50 deputies or 30 members. The legislator only goes so far as to go further, as another procedure by which the Council carries out constitutional oversight is to push the unconstitutionality of laws by referral by a higher judicial authority.
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Keywords
The idea of censorship of the constitutionality of laws in the Algerian experience is so recent that its history coincided with the date of the Constitution itself. Constitutional oversight was born with the Constitution of 63 and passed through the phases of the legislative arena. A Constitutional Council was established to supervise the constitutionality of the laws in the Constitution of the Republic of Turkey, after it was withdrawn from the Constitution of Constitution No. 63 under the Constitution of 76. Subsequently, it was followed by a number of legal texts that tried to control the process of censorship and the procedures of the Constitutional Council. The work of the Constitutional Council as well as Constitution 96 and Amendment 2016. The constitutional founder observed in the last amendment the existence of the Constitutional Council as a supervisory body, but amended its articles and added the new. Previously, the Board was composed of nine members. The amendment was made up of 12 members representing the three authorities in an equal manner, guaranteeing independence and integrity in the performance of the post, and extending the membership to 8 years instead of 6 years. The conditions stipulated for admission to membership of the Council have not been fulfilled by the previous constitutions. The candidate must be informed of the full 40 years of the appointment or election day. He must have at least 15 years of professional experience in higher education in the legal sciences or in the judiciary or in the profession of a lawyer before the Supreme Court or Council. The State or a senior State post. In addition to the President of the Republic, the President of the National People's Assembly and the Speaker of the Council of the Nation, the Prime Minister was also incorporated to be a competent authority to notify the parliamentary opposition that the Constitution enabled the exercise of this right by notification of 50 deputies or 30 members. The legislator only goes so far as to go further, as another procedure by which the Council carries out constitutional oversight is to push the unconstitutionality of laws by referral by a higher judicial authority., Supervision of the constitutionality of laws, constitutional oversight, the Constitutional Council