الصلح و الوساطة في الاحوال الشخصية

Abstract

خلاصة: تناولت الدراسة الحالية موضوعًا ذا أهمية كبيرة ، وهو كلاهما أصيل ومعاصر. وقد سلط الضوء على قضية المصالحة و الوساطة في موضوع مادة الأحوال المدنية ، من خلال توضيح معنى ذلك المادة ، وتحديد نطاق ومجالات وطبيعة قضاياها ، وبعد ذلك تحديد معنى المصالحة والوساطة وبيان تطبيقاتهما من خلاله. تتضح أهمية هذه الدراسة في الحلول التي تخلقها للكثيرين المشاكل المتعلقة بقضايا المادة المعنية وضماناتها ينص على الحفاظ على الحقوق المرتبطة بتلك القضايا ، والتي ستكون حتما تبدد بسبب طبيعتها وتعقيدها وطبيعتها غير المثبتة. هذه الدراسة هي مقارنة بين الشريعة والقانون حيث ركزت بشكل كبير على أ فجوة علمية تستحق الوقوف عندها. وجمعت مفاهيم الوساطة والمصالحة في قضية الأحوال المدنية مادة كمصطلح مركب للوسائل (الوساطة) والغرض (المصالحة) لإنهاء تحديد منضبط معنى هذا المركب "تسوية الوساطة". يعتبر تصالحية ذات طبيعة تعاقدية ، ومن ثم تم تكييفها في مادة الأحوال المدنية باعتبارها خاصة عقد ذو طبيعة خاصة ، يختلف عن العقود الأخرى بعناصره الفريدة و الخصائص المميزة المشتقة من مادية الأحوال الشخصية ، والطبيعة من عقد السلام وخصائص الوساطة. ثم ناقش قضايا الأحوال الشخصية التي يمكن أن تكون موضوع هذا العقد الخاص. وأظهرت ما هي الخلافات التي يمكن أن تنشأ حول هذه القضايا وإلى أي مدى يمكن تسويتها من خلال هذا النظام المميز حيث تطبيقات هذا النظام في تلك انعكست الأمور في دعاوى الزواج في حالات إنشاء منظمة. قضايا الزوجية ، وتشمل الخطبة ، والمهر ، والنفقة ، و إجراءات التحكيم ، وفي حالات فسخ الزواج الرابطة ، تتمثل في دعاوى الطلاق بجميع أشكاله ، وفي الميراث و إجراء الحماية. من خلال هذه القضايا ، تعامل البحث في البداية مع النزاعات الناشئة عن التخلي عن الخطبة. ثم أشارت إلى أن قضية إثبات الضرر المعنوي في حالات الامتناع عن الاشتباك يصعب أو يستحيل إثبات ذلك يتعلق الأمر بمسألة نفسية داخلية. خلص البحث إلى أن نظام المصالحة الوساطة يستحق حل هذه المشكلة وحلها المنازعات بما يضمن لأصحاب الحقوق حقوقهم. هذا ما تم التحقق منه من قبل علماء الشريعة الإسلامية وأنكرته القوانين الوضعية. البحث ، إذن ، يعالج قضية أخرى تثار بشدة في دعاوى الزواج وأكثرها نزاعًا. قضية الخلافات المالية بين الزوجين. القضية هي أساسا الخلاف الصداقة والنفقة الزوجية ، حيث يتم البحث في الحالات التي فيها اختلفوا ، وطرق حل هذه المشاكل في الفقه والقانون ، و ثم انتهى لتقصير الطريق ووضع تلك الحلول الفقهية والقانونية جانبًا حسم الخلافات بينهما بالصلح والوساطة له. بسبب ال خصوصية العلاقة بين الأطراف في هذا النوع من النزاعات ؛ و بسبب في تسوية تلك النزاعات المصالحة والوساطة أمران أساسيان ضمانات لاستمرار العلاقات الودية بين أطراف النزاع. ثم تناول البحث نظام التحكيم بين الزوجين. لقد انتهت حتى اعتبار التحكيم في مادة الأحوال المدنية وساطة بكل معانيها لا تتميز الأحكام بالحكم وليس لها القدرة على التمييز بين الزوجين دون موافقتهما الدور المنوط بهما هو الدور وسيط الأسرة. لذلك فإن مهمتهم تختلف عن التحكيم في الحس الفني - حيث يتمتع الحاكمان بسلطة اتخاذ القرارات بدون موافقة المتنازعين. ثم ركز البحث كثيرًا على تطبيقات الصلح والوساطة في حالات الطلاق والطلاق والخلع. هو - هي قدم أبرز الحلول القانونية لتسوية هذه المطالبات ، لتنتهي مجددًا على تفضيل الحل الودي وأولوية توفير المصالحة و وساطة له. يشرح ذلك في كل من تلك الصور ، ويسلط الضوء على سلامة الشريعة الإسلامية. الأسرة محمية من خلال الطلاق الإسلامي النظام الذي اتسم بالفهم والفهم الشامل بكل وسائل الإصلاح ، وشدد في كل مرة على ضرورة الاستفادة من الشخصية حالة قوانين هذا النظام والتي عجزت عن منطقها وتعطيلها من خلال خلل في نظام الطلاق. وأخيراً تناول البحث قضايا الإرث والوصية و الخلافات التي تخصهم ، والمشكلات التي يطرحها نظام الميراث ، وذاك لا توجد طريقة أو Abstract: The present study has dealt with a subject of great importance, which is both authentic and contemporary. It has shed light on the issue of reconciliation and mediation in the subject matter of civil status article, by clarifying the meaning of this article, and determine the scope and areas and the nature of its issues, and then determine the meaning of reconciliation and mediation and indicate their applications through it. The importance of this study is evident in the solutions it creates to many problems related to the issues of the material in question, and the guarantees it provides to preserve the rights associated with those issues, which would inevitably be dissipated due to their nature, complexity and unproven nature. This study is a comparison between Sharia and law, where it laid much focus at a scientific gap worthy to stand at it. And it brought together the concepts of mediation and reconciliation in the issue of civil status article as a compound term of the means (mediation) and the purpose (reconciliation) to end to determine the disciplined meaning of this compound "mediation reconciliation". It is considered a conciliatory act of a contractual nature, and then adapted in the civil status article as a special contract of a special nature, different from other contracts with its unique elements and distinctive characteristics derived from the material of personal status, and the nature of the peace contract, and the characteristics of mediation. Then, he discussed the issues of personal status that can be the subject of this special contract. And showed what disputes can arise on these issues and the extent to which they can be settled through this distinguished system, where the applications of this system in those matters were reflected in the claims of marriage in the cases of the establishment of the Association. Matrimonial cases, which included sermon, dowry, alimony, and arbitration proceedings, and in the cases of the dissolution of the matrimonial association, are represented in divorce claims in all its forms, and in inheritance and protection procedure. Through these issues, the research dealt initially with disputes arising from the renunciation of the sermon. Then, it pointed out that the issue of proving moral harm in cases of abstinence from the engagement is difficult or impossible to prove because it is related to an internal psychological matter. The research concludes that the mediation reconciliation system is worth solving this problem and resolving such disputes in a way that guarantees the rights holders their rights. This what was validate by Islamic scholars of law and denied by the positive laws. The research ,then, tackles another issue that is strongly raised in the claims of marriage and the most disputed; the issue of financial disputes between spouses. The issue is mainly the dispute over friendship and spousal alimony, where the research surrounding the cases in which they disagree, and the ways to resolve these problems in Jurisprudence and law, and then ended to shorten the road and put those doctrinal and legal solutions aside, by settling the disputes on them through reconciliation and mediation to him. Due to the specificity of the relationship between the parties in this type of disputes; and because in the settlement of those disputes reconciliation and mediation are fundamental guarantees for the continuation of friendly relations between the parties to the conflict. Then the research dealt with the system of arbitration between the spouses. It ended up considering arbitration in the civil status article as mediation in all its meanings, the judgments are not characterized by governance and have no power to distinguish between the spouses without their consent, the role entrusted to them is the role assigned to the family mediator. Their task is therefore different from arbitration in its artistic sense - in which the two rulers have the power to make decisions without the consent of the disputants. The research then laid much focus at the applications of reconciliation and mediation in the cases of divorce, divorce and dislocation. It presented the most prominent legal solutions to settle these claims, to end again on the preference for a friendly solution and the priority of providing reconciliation and mediation to him. It explains that in each of those images, and highlighting the integrity of the Islamic Sharia. The family is protected through the Islamic divorce system, which was characterized by comprehension and comprehensive understanding of all means of reform, and stressed every time the need to take advantage of personal status laws of this system, which the inability and disruption of its logic through the imbalance of the divorce system. Finally, the research dealt with the issues of inheritance and the will and the disputes concerning them, and the problems posed by the inheritance system, and that there is no way or system to overcome these problems and settle the disputes related to it only mediation through reconciliation system. It is where the graduation system appeared to carry multiple forms of reconciliation originally represent solutions to intractable legacy problems that could not be solved by other systems to be restricted to a disciplined system. It has also emerged from the commandment system that they included liquefaction Friendly to protect the family from a number of disputes, and leave heirs in some cases as a conciliation, the intervention between the testator and his heirs for reform also serves as a mediator for reconciliation. Through these two regimes, the extent to which Islamic law is strict in controlling family financial relations, and the extent of mastery of the Islamic financial system, which extends to the human money in the case of his life even after his death. In addition, the research has stressed the importance of including these systems within the subject matter of personal status, and the need to strengthen the mediation system for reconciliation, which can be added by mediation to support and achieve their purposes as a means of reform and reconciliation. The research concluded with the conclusion of the most important findings and a set of recommendations - noteworthy in my opinion - that would open important and effective prospects for the system of reconciliation and mediation in personal situations at the theoretical and practical levels. The results highlighted the points of agreement and disagreement between Sharia and law in the issues addressed. The results discussed the capacity and supremacy of Islamic law over the positive systems by extending the circle of issues fit for reconciliation and mediation within the subject of personal circumstances, thereby expanding all the problems and disputes that article, whether related to the material aspects of the human or moral person. Therefore, the recommendations of this study, with its attendant consequences, are directed mostly to the positive legislation, the legislative authorities and the state structures in its various institutions. Reform and settle disputes and family disputes and spread the culture of reconciliation and reform in the family.