الأخلاق بين كانط و نيتشيه

Abstract

In the eighteenth period, the German philosopher Kant developed the theory of moral duty, his view is valid for all humans, where the mind adopted a standard of morality, as it gave legitimacy to the mind through the designation of the legitimate will to act, and since man is the determinant or creator of this action, he adopted or proceeded from public morality in distinguishing between good and evil and the idea that Kant came up with lies in the act itself and not inclined to a value outside of it so that it does not become a utilitarian act and lose its moral value, respect for the law motivated that moral act and therefore it was called the ethics of Duty.And the mind has three confiscations, namely the confiscations of the practical mind, represented by the immortality of the Soul, Man always seeks the Supreme good, and the second is the existence of God.Since he can only pin his hope on a complete and absolute will and then confiscate freedom, it is necessary in the moral act of describing man as morally responsible for his actions.It is the moral act that leads us to please Allah Almighty.Religion completes the moral work, just as Kant considered man moderately inclined towards evil and ready for good, so moral education was. On the contrary, we find the philosophy of Nietzsche, who tried to destroy values based on the liberation of man from every belief, where he believed that a revival of religion with the philosophy of morality and then there is no existence of values, and Kant reflects man's character on evil, he is weak and does not have the ability to show his evil nature.Nietzsche believed that the evil of mankind is divided into strong and weak, where he advocated the need to eliminate the weaker sex.For Nietzsche, the will of power is the enemy of the Kantian morality of duty, and Nietzsche did not see morality as anything but a religious basis that returned to the realization of the will of power and the execution of moral values.he sought to filter the human race in order to remain the most worthy in life, which is the higher world of man.Nietzsche stated in his theory of the Eternal Return that Every action we do will be repeated endlessly of times.It is as if life is an endless book, and so on to the father, and this is achieved by the will of the force. It shows faith, atheism, rationalism and nihilism, the question of morality remains a philosophical question today, and Kant's genius remains on the opposite path from Nietzsche's