AJET_Vol 03 N 01
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Item Vulnerability of potential soil erosion and risk assessment at hilly farms using InSAR technology(جامعة الوادي - university of el oued, 2020-05-22) Nasidi, Mukhtar Nuraddeen; Wayayok, Aimrun; Fikri, Abdullah; Mohd Kassim, Muhamad SaufiSoil erosion is a serious environmental challenge which is persistently diminishing the available land resource in many places around the world, particularly the highlands areas. The traditional approach of estimating the magnitude of erosion is tedious, costly, and considerably time consuming. This study is aimed at assessing the risk level associated with soil erosion at hilly areas of Cameron Highlands through Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR). The digital elevation model with 5 m resolution was utilized to generate the slope map for the highlands. Soil erosion rates was estimated using universal soil loss equation, while information about land use and cover were sourced from relevant government agencies. The analysis shows that, there was about 217.5 km2 (30.5%) of highlands fall under severely steep zone with slope ≥ 45-degree. Moreover, erosion risk assessment indicated that; 66.3%, 11.4%, 11.7% and 10.8% of the severe sloppy lands are classified as very low to high susceptible to soil erosion respectively. In general, the risk of soil erosion is relatively low and could be attributed to large vegetation coverage despite steep slopes. However, there is need to deploy a control measures to reduce soil disturbance activities on highlands with extremely steep slope as a proactive measures to minimize the effect of potential soil erosion.Item Strength analysis of concrete pavement deformation due to Alkali Silica Reaction (ASR)(جامعة الوادي - university of el oued, 2020-10-14) Ariyo, , Adanikin; Funsho, Falade; Olutaiwo, AdewaleAlkali Silica Reaction (ASR) is a chemical reaction that negatively affects concrete pavements strengths and integrity. ASR impedes concrete pavements' performance due to the formation of cracks and ultimate deformation if not properly controlled. Concrete pavements are gaining more relevance due to their ability to be constructed on soils with low bearing capacity and support high traffic loadings, thus increasing the need for studies on how ASR in the concrete pavements can be mitigated. This study employed compressive and flexural strength tests to determine the strength properties and deformation of concrete pavements due to ASR when partially replaced with CBA at varying percentages. Static structural modelling of the concrete as a multiphase material in which aggregates, cracks and gel formations are considered as embedded inclusions in the cement paste is then carried out. The results are then compared with relevant standards and findings of other researchers. The study's findings reveal that all the concrete cube samples passed the recommended compressive strength for rigid pavement, which range from 35 - 40 N/mm2 at 28th day. The concrete cube samples also passed the target strength of 48.25 N/mm2 obtained from the mix design. The effect of ASR resulted in lower compressive and flexural strengths observed at 180th and 240th days with lower CBA addition, while samples containing higher CBA contents had increasing compressive strength. The static structural modelling results reveal that the maximum deformation was obtained for the concrete cubes admixed with 0% CBA with 47.045 mm while the least deformation was obtained at 30% CBA replacement with deformation value of 5.542 mm on application of a 900 KN force. Therefore, the study posits that CBA addition will help reduce Portland Cement Concrete Pavement deformation due to ASR in relation to traffic loadings.Item Environmental Nano-remediation in Nigeria: A Review of its potentials(جامعة الوادي - university of el oued, 2020-10-09) Chukwuma, Chris Okonkwo; . Francis, Odikpo Edoziuno; Louis, Chukwuemeka OrakwePollution of the environment is one of the most pressing problems confronting developing nations such as Nigeria and the world at large. Due to the unchecked quest for infrastructural and technological development, we have continuously explored and exploited our natural resources, paying little or no attention to the impact of these exploitations on our ecological environment. This negligence has resulted in some severe environmental degradation and the conventional methods previously employed in addressing these issues are no longer efficient, thus there is need for novel, innovative, advanced and efficient environmental remediation alternatives. Nanotechnology offers such alternatives and although most countries are embracing the idea, Nigeria is yet to fully explore this alternative. This paper seeks to throw more light on the application of nanotechnology as viable technique in remediating polluted soil and marine environment in Nigeria.Item Corrosion inhibition potentials of Strichnos spinosa L. on Aluminium in 0.9M HCl medium: experimental and theoretical investigations(جامعة الوادي - university of el oued, 2020-11-21) Muhammad Ayuba, Abdullahi; Ameenullah, AbdullateefAluminium is known as one of the most useful metals on earth which is also subject to corrosion under certain environments. Many methods have been used to minimize its corrosion, but the use of inhibitors is widely accepted. The use of green inhibitors has gained wide usage because of its environmental friendliness. The experimental studies of the corrosion inhibition potentials of Strichnos spinosa L was carried out using weight-loss and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), whereas theoretically, quantum chemical parameters and molecular dynamic stimulations of some compounds isolated from the plant in literature were studied. The analyses of the experimental results showed that the extract of Strichnos spinosa L. extract decreased the corrosion rate of Aluminium in 0.9M HCl in the order: 0.2g/l < 0.4g/l < 0.6g/l respectively from 303-323K. The inhibition efficiency decreased with increase in temperature and was found to be 84.7%. FTIR results showed that the inhibition mechanism is physical through the functional groups present in the extract. The data obtained were fitted into various adsorption isotherms and relatively the Freundlich isotherm was found to be the best fit. Relying on quantum chemical parameters and molecular dynamic stimulations results, the adsorption/binding strength of the concerned inhibitor molecules on Aluminium surface follows the order Ursolic acid>Betulinic acid>Erythrodiol. The computed adsorption/binding energy values (Eads) for the various isolated compounds from the plant indicate the adsorption process to be non-covalent (physiosorption) which is in good agreement with the experimentally determined adsorption mechanism.Item Combating chloride ions in reinforced concrete using K2Cr2O7 as corrosion inhibitor(جامعة الوادي - university of el oued, 2020-11-28) Mayowa Ikumapayi, Catherine; Adedamola Adeniji, Akintayo; Osamudiamen Idehen, Emmanuel; Barnabas, Abel AdeizaThe ingress of chloride ions from seawater in contact with concrete reinforced structures is one of the major causes of deterioration in the construction industries worldwide. This gives rise to corrosion of embedded steel in the concrete structures which sooner or later results in dilapidation, deterioration and partial or total failure of the reinforced structure. In this study potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) solution was used to mitigate the effects of chloride ions in reinforced concrete. Cylindrical concrete samples of size 15mm x 36mm diameter with cement to sand mix ratio of 1:6 and a water cement ratio of 0.5 were prepared. 12 mm high yield reinforcing bars were inserted into the sample. The samples were then immersed in NaCl solution with varying concentration of K2Cr2O7. Both weight loss method and linear polarization measurement were performed on the samples. Data acquisition and analysis were carried out using 4 decimal places electronic weighing balance, a potentiostat interfaced and a computer. The results from the weight loss method showed that the weight loss decreased from 0.7629g to 0.1398g for the 7th and 35th day respectively. Results from the potentiodynamic polarization method further revealed the efficiency of K2Cr2O7 in mitigating corrosion.Item An overview on use of renewable solar energy in desiccant based thermal cooling systems(جامعة الوادي - university of el oued, 2020-05-12) Batukray, Jani DilipThe use of thermal energy produced by renewable solar heat is an interesting option for desiccant regeneration in comfort space cooling system. Various options available for collecting the solar radiations to provide reactivation heat for desiccant regeneration in desiccant assisted dehumidification and cooling system. This means of thermal cooling is economically viable as well as environment friendly. The integration of different solar collectors with the desiccant cooling cycle is resulted to the green cooling as it eliminates the use of CFC based ozone depleting refrigerants and CO2 as green house gases which is responsible for global warming. An overview is presented to introduce different configurations of the combined system and performance evaluation of the same under different climatic situations.Item A conceptual framework for assessing the impact of human behaviour on water resource systems performance(جامعة الوادي - university of el oued, 2020-06-21) Shanono, Nura Jafar; Ndiritu, JohnThe persistent poor performance of water resource systems (WRS) has been reportedly linked to not only climate change and dilapidated water infrastructures but also human unlawful activities. Some of these unlawful activities include unauthorized water abstractions, wastage, excessive losses, discharging untreated wastewater, over‐application of chemicals and fraudulent incidences. Despite advances in WRS planning and operational analysis, incorporating such undesirable activities to quantitatively assess their impact on WRS performance remain elusive. This study was then inspired by the need to develop a methodological framework for WRS performance assessment that integrated human impacts with WRS analysis tasks. A conceptual framework for assessing the impact of human behaviour on WRS performance using the concept of socio-hydrology is proposed herein. The framework identifies and coupled four major sources of water values (WRS, goals, managers and users) using three activities serving as the missing links between these values (interactions, outcomes and feedbacks). The framework can be used as a database for choosing relevant social and hydrological variables and to understand the inherent relations between the selected variables to study a specific human-water problem in the context of WRS management.Item Vulnerability of p otential s oil e rosion and r isk a ssessment at h illy f arms using InSAR t echnology(جامعة الوادي - university of eloued, 2020-05-22) Nasidi, Nuraddeen Mukhtar; Wayayok, Aimrun; Abdullah, Ahmad Fikri; Mohd Kassim, Muhamad SaufiSoil erosion is a serious environmental challenge which is persistently diminishing the available land resource in many places around the world, particularly the highlands areas. The traditional approach of estimating the magnitude of erosion is tedious, costly, and considerably time consuming. This study is aimed at assessing the risk level associated with soil erosion at hilly areas of Cameron Highlands through Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR). The digital elevation model with 5 m resolution was utilized to generate the slope map for the highlands. Soil erosion rates was estimated using universal soil loss equation, while information about land use and cover were sourced from relevant government agencies. The analysis shows that, there was about 217.5 km2 (30.5%) of highlands fall under severely steep zone with slope ≥ 45-degree. Moreover, erosion risk assessment indicated that; 66.3%, 11.4%, 11.7% and 10.8% of the severe sloppy lands are classified as very low to high susceptible to soil erosion respectively. In general, the risk of soil erosion is relatively low and could be attributed to large vegetation coverage despite steep slopes. However, there is need to deploy a control measures to reduce soil disturbance activities on highlands with extremely steep slope as a proactive measures to minimize the effect of potential soil erosion