vol 08 n01*

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A brief review of features of copper indium disulphide (CuInS2) nanomaterials for quantum dot solar cells
(University of Eloued جامعة الوادي, 2023-10-06) GargNitya
Copper indium disulphide CuInS2 (CIS) is found to be an interesting nanomaterial belong to group I-III-V for quantum dot solar cell (QDSCs) application due to low toxicity, multiple exciton generation effect, high light absorption in the visible spectral range, appropriate band gap that coordinate well with the solar spectrum, unusual radiation tolerance, noticeable defect tolerance and low cost. Properties of this material that makes it important for use in quantum dot solar cell is also discussed in this paper. This paper summarizes the research going on in the field of synthesis of CuInS2 nanomaterials reported by different authors across the globe. Optical and photovoltaic properties of reviewed CIS QDSCs is also highlighted in this paper.
Al 6061-T6 microstructure and mechanical properties modification under ion beam irradiation at room temperature: Application for Nuclear Research Reactor
(University of Eloued جامعة الوادي, 2023-10-06) Izerrouken, Mahmoud. Sari,Ali . Menchi,Omar. Haid , Fadila. Ishaq,Ahmed . ,Hocine, Slamene
In this study, the aerodynamic performance of a small-scale drone propeller (Tmotor28 propeller) in axial flight has been analyzed using the Blade Element Momentum Theory (BEMT). Which is a powerful tool to model the aerodynamic interaction between the rotor/propeller and the fluid flow. The aim of this paper is to propose a BEMT model for the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). An open-source tool known as pyBEMT (Python programming language) has been used to calculate the aerodynamic performance of the propeller. The XFoil, which is based on the panel-vortex methods, has been used to find the lift and drag coefficients (CD and CL) of the propeller airfoils. The numerical results have been validated with experimental results. Good agreements have been found. This study introduces a straightforward and powerful calculation method for predicting and optimizing the aerodynamic performance of drones.
An overview of the relative neutron activation analysis performed in the NAA Laboratory of the CRND using NUR reactor
(University of Eloued جامعة الوادي, 2023-11-21) Bouhila , Zohra. Azli, Tarek. Hadri,Abderrezak. Boukhadra , Dallel . Benbouzid , Sofiane . Nouri, Ramy. Chettah,Amina
Neutron activation analysis is a highly sensitive method for multi-elemental analysis, primarily focusing on the induced radioactivity in atomic nuclei rather than the inherent chemical and physical properties of samples. This approach requires exposing the sample to neutron irradiation, typically conducted within a nuclear reactor. One of the most successful applications of Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) in the vicinity of the NUR reactor pertains to its use in environmental studies. It facilitates the monitoring of the distribution of trace elements (TEs) and the attribution of emission sources by analyzing samples from diverse environmental sources, including soil, air, and bioaccumulative plants collected from various locations near Algiers, Algeria. Since 2010, our laboratory has actively engaged in proficiency tests with WEPAL/IAEA, which has been instrumental in advancing and refining the methods of Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA) employed in this domain. The outcomes derived from these environmental investigations substantiate the presence of more than 30 trace elements. Comparing the enrichment factors (FEs) reveals the contribution of anthropogenic pollution, such as vehicles emitting Sb, Se, and Zn, brickyards releasing As, Co, Cr, Fe, Na, Se, Sc, Ta, and Tb, as well as soil resuspension leading to the release of Br and Zn. Additionally, our laboratory has conducted further studies in the realm of biology using the relative approach of NAA. The primary objective has been to harness the potential of NAA for early diagnosis in cases of cancer and chronic diseases. Consequently, we've examined the trace element composition in the whole blood of both healthy individuals and those afflicted by illnesses. We achieved this by subjecting lyophilized blood samples from adult subjects to simultaneous irradiation alongside an A13-IAEA blood standard. The elemental concentrations were subsequently calculated by measuring gamma rays using a gamma spectrometer. We simultaneously determines the concentrations of ten elements: Rb, Fe, Zn, Na, K, Br, Se, Sr, As and Sc.
Comparative study on the performance of natural and synthesized adsorbents onto uranium (VI) sorption
(University of Eloued جامعة الوادي, 2023-11-08) Bayoua Naima- Houhounea Fatima-KhemaissiaSihem- AmarbHamid Aït- LouniscAli
The aim of this study is to compare the performance of natural and synthesized material to adsorb uranium. Synthesized Silico-Alumino-Phosphate (SAPO) material is compared to raw and chemically activated Algerian Aleppo pine sawdust (Raw-AAPS and CA-AAPS). The uranium sorption parameters, isotherms modelling, kinetic modelling and decontamination factor results, showed that adsorbents used are effective for the removal of uranium (VI) ions and the performance of the adsorbents follows the order: SAPO > CA-AAPS> Raw-AAPS. The natural material presents less sorption capacity comparatively to the synthesized adsorbent, but it is economically favored because of its abundance in nature and its low cost.
Consolidation and collapse behavior of silty soil reinforced with plastic water bottles wastes
(University of Eloued جامعة الوادي, 2023-07-13) MishaaFarah-Aldaood ,Abdulrahman
This research paper has focused on the influence of plastic waste materials (water bottles) on the consolidation and collapse behavior of silty soil. The silty soil was randomly reinforced with various fiber content (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% of the dry weight of soil) having various lengths of 10, 20 and 30 mm. The soil samples were prepared at the maximum dry unit weight and the optimum moisture content of unreinforced soil, (natural soil) using standard compaction efforts. The variation in the compaction, collapse and consolidation characteristics of unreinforced and reinforced soil samples were evaluated. The test results indicated that there was a slight reduction in both the maximum dry unit weight and the optimum moisture content of soil samples with fiber addition. The collapse index increased with increasing fiber content, while the fiber length enhance the collapsibility of silty soil. Further, the compression index of reinforced soil samples followed the same trend as the collapse index
Contribution to characterization of the Zinc retention by marl collected from the aquifer substratum
(University of Eloued جامعة الوادي, 2023-11-07) Bellaloui Mourad- Benneml Messaoud- Semaoune Farida- Larbaoui Djamel- OtsmaneDjaber- Melhani Yasmine-Amrane Amina- Ladjouzi Samia
This research paper has focused on the influence of plastic waste materials (water bottles) on the consolidation and collapse behavior of silty soil. The silty soil was randomly reinforced with various fiber content (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% of the dry weight of soil) having various lengths of 10, 20 and 30 mm. The soil samples were prepared at the maximum dry unit weight and the optimum moisture content of unreinforced soil, (natural soil) using standard compaction efforts. The variation in the compaction, collapse and consolidation characteristics of unreinforced and reinforced soil samples were evaluated. The test results indicated that there was a slight reduction in both the maximum dry unit weight and the optimum moisture content of soil samples with fiber addition. The collapse index increased with increasing fiber content, while the fiber length enhance the collapsibility of silty soil. Further, the compression index of reinforced soil samples followed the same trend as the collapse index
Development of quantification program for neutron activation analysis
(University of Eloued جامعة الوادي, 2023-11-01) Benbouzid , Sofiane.Hadri, Abderrezak . Khodja ,Zohra Bouhila
This work describes the use of C++ Builder to develop an INAA (Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis) application for the quantification of trace elements mass fractions in samples from different origins using the relative method. Previously, our NAA laboratory relied on classic method, which caused delays in obtaining results, computational mistakes, and reduced productivity. The new application offers an improved interface with standardized actions, decreasing human error accumulation and provides users with rapid results. To evaluate the application, an INAA experiment using a high-resolution gamma-ray spectrophotometer was used to assess the air quality at Draria site in Algiers, by using an active bio-monitoring air pollution method. Therefore; tree barks, mosses, and lichens were used in this study. Samples and standards irradiations were carried out in NUR research reactor with thermal neutrons flux 1013 n cm-2s-1, and analyzed by gamma spectrometry using HPGe detector. We used the new developed application as well as the old method to calculate concentrations and determined several heavy metals and trace elements (Ba, Br, Co, Cr, Fe, Hf, La, Rb, Sr, Zn, and Ce). Comparison of the obtained preliminary results between the two methods has showed good agreement.
Effect of gamma radiation on the antibacterial activity of Syzygium aromaticum
(University of Eloued جامعة الوادي, 2023-10-29) RabiaSamia Hadj-RabiaYamina Hadj -BenmoussaFatima-Medjber Sarah-Ramy Nouri - MokhtariAmine-MansouriBelkacem
Irradiation is known as an effective method for decontamination and preservation of chemical and nutritional properties of various medicinal herbs and spices. This study was undertaken to evaluate the influence of irradiation dose (10kGy) on the antibacterial potency of Syzygium aromaticum (clove), plant known for its various biological properties notably its powerful antimicrobial power. Syzygium aromaticum (S. aromaticum) extract, prepared by maceration in methanol, was characterized by phytochemical analysis and colorimetric determination of chemical compounds. The antibacterial potential was also evaluated against this extract by observing growth inhibition zones. The result of gamma radiation effect on the clove, showed the preservation of main chemical constituents, with a significant increase in the content of total polyphenols and flavonoids. The methanolic extract of S. aromaticum revealed an inhibitory effect on the resistant strains, which improved significantly under the gamma radiation effect. These results seem very encouraging and suggest using gamma radiation as procedure to decontaminate the medicinal herbs and spices and improve the composition of extracts in bioactive molecules as well as their biological activities.
Effects of desilication and dealumination of NaA zeolite on uranium recovery from aqueous effluents
(University of Eloued جامعة الوادي, 2023-10-06) OudjerFaiza- KhemaissiaSihem- MouhelbiLeila -OuttasSihem- HammacheYasmina- MeddourYasmine- Chouial Habiba.
Different processes for recovering uranium from raffinates and effluents generated throughout the nuclear fuel cycle are implemented. The adsorption process has been widely adopted in the uranium recovery from aqueous solution, due to its simplicity, rapid kinetics, wide applicability, cost-effectiveness and non-secondary contamination. Adsorption performance is directly determined by the appropriate adsorbents for the target compounds. Zeolite is one of the most commonly used materials for adsorption due to its low cost, high chemical and thermal stability. However, its relatively low sorption capacity limits its performance and feasibility. Many modification strategies have been used to improve its performance. Desilication and dealumination are among the processes that improve accessibility to active sites located inside the zeolite framework and can limit diffusion constraints through the creation of a secondary network of large pores (mesopores) connected to native micropores. In this study, the synthesized and modified NaA zeolite were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nitrogen adsorption-desorption analysis. Uranium adsorption capacities were found to be around 42 mg/g, 27 mg/g and 10 mg/g for desilicated NaA, NaA and dealuminated NaA respectively. The desilicated NaA material showed better selectivity compared to the starting material. The adsorption of UO22+ ions follows the Langmuir isotherm and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The values of uranium desorption 36%, 82% et 87% for NaA, desilicated NaA and dealuminated NaA have been reached using 1M HNO3 for one treatment cycle. The treatment of the real effluent with the three adsorbents showed a recovery of around 62% in uranium for NaA and desilicated NaA, for dealuminated NaA it was around 19% following the coadsorption of competing metal ions
Enhanced approach for CDF quantification in Seismic Probabilistic Safety Assessment of a Research Reactor
(University of Eloued جامعة الوادي, 2023-11-11) Boufenara Mohammed - Merroucheb Djemai
In Probabilistic Safety Analysis (PSA) applications, it is common practice to employ approximations with the expectation or assumption of a small overestimation in the quantification of the Core Damage Frequency (CDF). The overestimation of the CDF depends on the Minimal Cut Sets (MCS) structures and event probabilities but the amount of conservatism is generally unknown. Hence, when dealing with large and non-coherent fault trees, conventional approaches to model dependencies in event trees analysis using coherent approximations are shown to be inaccurate. The limitation of the techniques in terms of accuracy of the solutions becomes apparent. For instance, the quantification methods using Rare Event (REA) and Min Cut Upper Bound (MCUB) approximations valid in internal event PSA may result in excessively conservative results in Seismic PSA. Therefore, in order to calculate the accurate top event probability from a fault tree rather than improving the direct probability calculation from cut sets, the Binary Decision Diagram (BDD) is introduced for more exact quantification. BDD development highlights the effort to reduce the conservatism caused by RAE and MCUB computations. The analysis carried out in this work, within the Seismic Probabilistic Safety Assessment (SPSA) of a nuclear Research Reactor (RR) case study using BDD framework shows that the approach is feasible and effective in evaluating the seismic risk of core damage and provide reasonable
Gamma spectrometry technique application to the 60Co sorption onto IRN-77 resin from radioactive wastewater: Equilibrium, Kinetic and Thermodynamic investigations
(University of Eloued جامعة الوادي, 2023-11-03) Achour Souad-Nibou Djamel- Amokrane Samira
The performance of synthetic ion exchange resin IRN-77 have been studied in this work in order to use it as an adsorbent to remove radioactive isotope 60Co from nuclear wastewater by the sorption process, using the gamma spectrometry technique. The resin simple was identified using SEM and FTIR infrared spectrometry. The gamma radiation acquisition emitted from the fixed radioactive 60Co onto IRN-77 solid samples was carried out using the gamma spectrometry chain, equipped with an HPGe semi-conductor detector with high-resolution. Various factors were considered for the sorption process study such as 60Co concentration, contact time and temperature. The maximum adsorption capacity of the IRN-77 samples was determined by studying the adsorption isotherms; Kinetics models including thermodynamics were also studied and investigated. The experimental results showed that the adsorption reaction was adjustable to the pseudo-first-order and the Langmuir model was found to describe best the experimental results by obtaining a very important maximum adsorption quantity of 10.620 μCi of 60Co per 1 gram of IRN-77 adsorbent. A dimensionless separation factor RL was used to judge the favorable adsorption. The adsorption capacity of 60Co ions onto IRN-77 particles increased with the increasing of temperature. The values of the thermodynamic parameters have shown that the 60Co ions adsorption process was endothermic and favored at high temperatures with a positive value of the enthalpy ΔH° of 23,54 kJ/mol. The free energy’s values ΔG◦ are positive over the whole temperature range. The specific activities of the fixed 60Co radionuclide allow evaluating the solid samples IRN-77 resin's sorption capacity.
Investigation of the microbial effect of wastewater on concrete performance
(University of Eloued جامعة الوادي, 2023-06-01) Olowolafe Solomon Temidayo- M,Catherine-Ikumapayi
Concrete subjected to wastewater environment deteriorates faster than its counterpart in an ordinary environment. The investigation also showed that the deterioration effect could also be counteracted using bacteria. This study investigated the deterioration and healing effects of bacteria isolated from wastewater on concrete properties like weight loss, compressive strength, modulus of elasticity and SEM analysis. The result at 28 days of curing showed that the greatest reduction in weight (4.2%) and compressive strength (16.69%) compared with control was observed in concrete inoculated with S. epidermidis; while the least decrease in weight (0.8%) and an increase in compressive strength (1.79%) was observed with the concrete cast with potable water and cured in nutrient broth medium. The healing effect of B. subtilis on the concrete was also considered and analyzed, the result showed that B. subtilis improved the strength of the concrete exposed to S. epidermidis. Scanning Electron Microscopy analysis showed that an increase in the pores within the concrete leads to a reduction in compressive strength
Lekouara,Fatima. Sari,Meriem Chabane .Chebouki , Dallal . Study of the elaboration of U3O8 by the Modified Direct Denitration process (MDD)
(University of Eloued جامعة الوادي, 2023-11-11) Bennemla , Messaoud. Semaoune ,Toufik. Hammache,Yasmina. Ouatas,Sihem
Analysis of impurities in uranium materials is crucial for quality control or the purity required by standards in the nuclear industry. This study involves the analysis of impurities in a sample of uranium ore concentrate produced from Tahaggart ore. The instrumental techniques used for the analysis are highly sensitive and susceptible to much interference following the uranium spectrum. Different processes for separating uranium from impurities for comparison were used to quantify them. The uranium sample is an Algerian yellow cake that was digested in nitric acid, separated by solvent extraction using the TBP/CHCl3 system, by extraction chromatography method using tributyl phosphate (TBP) impregnated on the Amberlite XAD-7 resin and by precipitation of uranium with hydrogen peroxide. The raffinate from each process is then analyzed by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy and flame photometry. The concentration of uranium is determined by the Potassium Bichromate method in concentrated solutions and by the Arsenazo III method in raffinates and eluates. Uranium extraction yields are 99.65% using TBP-CHCl3 and exceed 99% using TBP-impregnated XAD-7 resin. The results of the analysis of impurities in Algerian yellow cake after the separation of uranium using different processes show that the contents meet the ASTM C967-13 standard for the elements analyzed except for the iron element. A comparison of the results of the impurities analysis values in Algerian yellow cake by the three separation processes (liquid-liquid extraction (ASTM C761-11), extraction chromatography column, and precipitation) shows the absence of cadmium, titanium, lead, and chromium and the values of the manganese, zinc, and lithium are quite close. The analysis results for the solvent extraction and chromatographic column extraction processes showed that the values of magnesium, copper, and nickel are very close and identical for cobalt. The values of aluminium and iron are close.
Measurement of radioactivity in spa waters using gamma spectrometry and evaluation of health risks
(University of Eloued جامعة الوادي, 2023-11-08) GraichiRaouen-ChabouniLinda-Hamitouche Neserine-Benbourenane Ali -Amri Omar
Exposure of human beings to radiation from natural sources is a permanent and unavoidable part of life on earth, in this study; we are interested in measuring the concentrations of naturally occurring radionuclides in spa water, such as 40K, 232Th, 235U, 226Ra and 238U, using gamma spectrometry with a hyper pure germanium (HPGe) detector. We analysed four samples from different regions of Algeria. The samples were imbedded in 1L vials and stored for at least 21 days to achieve secular equilibrium between 226Ra and its short-lived daughter products before analysing by gamma ray spectrometry. To assess the radiological effects of these four samples, we calculated the annual effective dose AED. The doses received by the public are calculated based on the values of specific activities of 226Ra, 232Th, 238U, 40K and 235U. The average activity concentrations for the samples were 7.4± 0.7 to 10.78± 0.70 Bq/L for 238U; 1.53± 0.09 to 3.5± 0.15 for 226Ra; 0.08± 0.01 to 1.4± 0.08 for 232Th; 2.30± 0.12 to 5.51± 0.2 for 235U and 8.06± 0.4 to 40.30± 2.11 for 40k.The estimated doses for 226Ra exceed the WHO and UNSCEAR recommended values of 0.26 mSv/y and 0.29 mSv/y respectively in all samples. The total annual effective doses for sample S02 exceed the ICRP recommended limit 1 mSv/y.
Measurement of radioactivity levels in powdered milk consumed in Algeria and estimation of annual effective doses
(University of Eloued جامعة الوادي, 2023-11-11) Chabouni Linda - Hamitouche, Nesrine- Graichi Raouen. Benbourenane- Ali. Amri , Omar
Mishaa,Farah. Aldaood ,Abdulrahman.Consolidation and collapse behavior of silty soil reinforced with plastic water bottles wastes
(University of Eloued جامعة الوادي, 2023-07-13) MishaaFarah- AldaoodAbdulrahman
This research paper has focused on the influence of plastic waste materials (water bottles) on the consolidation and collapse behavior of silty soil. The silty soil was randomly reinforced with various fiber content (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% of the dry weight of soil) having various lengths of 10, 20 and 30 mm. The soil samples were prepared at the maximum dry unit weight and the optimum moisture content of unreinforced soil, (natural soil) using standard compaction efforts. The variation in the compaction, collapse and consolidation characteristics of unreinforced and reinforced soil samples were evaluated. The test results indicated that there was a slight reduction in both the maximum dry unit weight and the optimum moisture content of soil samples with fiber addition. The collapse index increased with increasing fiber content, while the fiber length enhance the collapsibility of silty soil. Further, the compression index of reinforced soil samples followed the same trend as the collapse index
Modeling of nuclear reactor core for power control simulation with temperature feedback and xenon concentration effect
(University of Eloued جامعة الوادي, 2023-11-11) Djarouma Bélaid- Mohammedia Boussaad -Abderrahmane Khelilb-Laouara Sofiane
Modeling nuclear reactor cores stands as an essential initial step in nuclear technology research and development. The reactor core, serving as the primary thermal energy source in nuclear power plants (NPPs), plays a pivotal role. Such reactor core modeling serves various objectives, including core power control and load-following operations within NPPs. In this study, the pressurized water reactor (PWR) core was modeled using the point reactor method, a technique widely applied in conjunction with multiple reactor core power control strategies during load-following operations. Employing a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller, load-following scenarios tailored to grid load maneuvers were implemented in the developed reactor core model. The study also delved into the effects of temperature feedback and xenon. The analysis of simulation results revealed only a very small deviation in power between the desired and actual reactor core power. A substantial movement of the control rods effectively countered the notable impact of xenon on reactor power. Regarding temperature feedback, its contribution to the core total réactivity with a negative reactivity was confirmed. This study utilized the Python language for both the development of the nuclear reactor model and the creation of algorithms required for power control during load-following mode. Typically, similar endeavors with distinct objectives are conducted using MATLAB SIMULINK
Motor speed control using a fault tolerance implementation on SRAM-based FPGA
(University of Eloued جامعة الوادي, 2023-06-01) Bensikaddour El Habib-Boutte Aissa
DC motor speed control is a critical task in many applications, such as industrial automation, aerospace and robotics. To ensure reliable and robust performance, a fault tolerance implementation is necessary. In this paper, we present a DC motor speed control system using an SRAM-based Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) with a fault tolerance implementation. The control system utilizes a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) and Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) to regulate the voltage applied to the motor. To ensure the reliability of the system, a MicroBlaze Triple Modular Redundancy is implemented, in which multiple controllers control the motor in parallel and their outputs are compared. The results show that the implementation significantly improves the reliability and robustness of the DC motor speed control system.
Phase formation and structure in rapidly quenched Ni50Al50 alloy
(University of Eloued جامعة الوادي, 2023-10-30) Kheniouia Youcef- SaidiDjaffar .-Bachir Zaid- SadoukiMohamed- SouamiNassim- RahalBadis
A novel synthesis process combining arc melting and rapid quenched system has been developed to manufacture Ni50Al50 alloy which is not easy to form using conventional fabrication approaches. In this work, Nickel-Aluminum alloys with nominal composition Ni50at%Al50at% were prepared by melting pure nickel pieces (99.97%) and pure Al pieces (99.999%) under the protection of argon atmosphere using induction furnace followed by experiments performed by a new in-situ solidification method with arc melting. Alloy so produced is characterized by a compact structure with a minimum porosity. X-ray phase analysis revealed the existence of a one-phase structure of the rapidly quenched Ni50Al50 alloy. In this study, rapid quenching in liquid nitrogen from a high-temperature (1638 °C) state resulted in a non-uniform grain size distribution for Ni50Al50 alloy. Some grains were as small as 20 nm, while larger grains reached about 100 nm, with an average diameter of 74.8 nm. In contrast, cast ingots made with an induction furnace had larger average grain sizes (160-600 nm). These findings demonstrate the potential to create nanocrystalline structures in the Ni50Al50 alloy through rapid solidification in liquid nitrogen, offering the possibility of milling the synthesized alloy into nano-powders for composite matrix use during sintering. The nano-structuration behaviors and microstructures for Ni50Al50 alloy synthesis and powders nanoparticles obtained by milling have been investigated with the aids of Optical Microscopy (OM), X- Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).The results show that the samples rapidly quenched in liquid nitrogen from high temperature as solidus state with temperature slightly lower than 1638°C, restrain the precipitation of NiAl phase as clusters, consequently, the NiAl specimens above solidus follow by rapidly quenched in liquid nitrogen among NiAl nanoparticles make the phase distributes homogeneously.
Sensitivity to nuclear data of Es-Salam fuel assembly eigenvalue using TSUNAMI-3D/SCALE 6.2.3 . Algerian Journal of Engineering and
(University of Eloued جامعة الوادي, 2023-11-11) TitoucheWidad -Zidi Tahar

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