Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences

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PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND QUALITY OF FEED WATERS OF THE EL-OUED CITY STUDY OF CASE (FLUORINE AND ARSENIC)
(University of Eloued جامعة الوادي, 2009-07-01) Laouini, S. E.; Ladjel, S.; Ouahrani, M ed. R.
In these days, of numerous country through worlds are confronted to an excess of fluor and arsenic in the wake of drink and preoccupy by in to minimize consequences on the consumers health. The arsenic and the fluor are to scale planetary polluted them of geological origin more frequently met in underground waters. In of numerous countries in expansion, waters so contaminated are often consummated without any previous treatment. Effects inorganic reserved salts in the wake of drink, benefic or luckless acting of their concentration, are known since of numerous years today already more 1,5 billion of persons have not attack to a healthy drinking-water. According to the OMS, these are 15 million to be human who die each year after to drink of the water no potable, or for want of not to have not attack to the drinking-water . Of numerous countries being in possession regions where some waters present amounts in fluor and arsenic superior to recommendations of the OMS (0,7-1,5 mg/L for fluor and 10 L/g for the arsenic). The fluor behoves against blights and hardens the teeth enamel ;to better concentration it fragilise the bone or induces points of crystallization favoring the appearance of articular distorting arthrosis : this is her fluorose. Effects ought to the arsenic are numerous: lésions of the peel, canker, illnesses cardiovasculair or pulmonarias, hypertension and cancers. This work has been realized on the water of five boreholes of the town of El-Oued in collaboration with the laboratory of the waters Algerian (ADE). The experimentation was aiming to define them plenty of fluor and arsenic exists in five boreholes to study and in fine to estimate the quality consumptive waters
SPECTROSCOPIC DIAGNOSIS IN ELECTRONIC TEMPERATURE OF PHOTOIONISE PLASMAS
(University of Eloued جامعة الوادي, 2009-07-01) Ferouani, A. K.; Inal, M. K.
In this work, we are interested in the diagnostics in electronic temperature of a plasma purely photoionized, based on the intensity ration of lines emitted by ions helium-like, which have an atomic number Z relatively small. We considered the three lines corresponding to the transitions starting from the excited levels 1s2l towards the fundamental level 1s2 1S0, like appropriate lines. More precisely, the line of resonance w due to the transition 1s2p 1P1 1s2 1 S0, the line of intercombinaison (x,y) 1s2p 3 P2,1 1s2 1 S0 as well as prohibited line z due to the transition 1s2 3 S1 1s2 1 S0. These lines appear clearly in the spectra of astrophysical plasmas. As helium-like ion, we chose two, the oxygen O6+ (Z=8) and neon Ne8+ (Z=10). We carried out calculations of the ration of lines intensity G=(zxy)/w of O6+ and Ne8+ according to the electronic temperature in the range going from 105 to 107 K. We will see that, like it was shown by Gabriel and Jordan in 1969 [1], this intensity ration can be very sensitive to the temperature electronic and practically independent of the electronic density. Consequently, the ration G can be used to determine in a reliable way the electronic temperature of plasma observed
ELECTROCHEMISTRY CHARACTERIZATION OF FERROCENE/FERRICENIUM REDOX COUPLE AT GLASSYCARBON ELECTRODE
(University of Eloued جامعة الوادي, 2009-07-01) Neghmouche, N. S.; Khelef, A.; Lanez, T.
In the present work the oxidation of ferrocene, , to the ferrocenium cation, , was examined in the solvents dichloromethane, and aqueous ethanol using the technique of cyclic voltammetry. The anodic (Epa) and the cathodic (Epc) peak potentials, as well as the corresponding anodic (ipa) and cathodic (ipc) peak currents, were obtained at different scan rates (0.05, 0.10, 0.30, 0.50 V.s-1).Â The diffusion coefficients (D) have been calculated using the Randles-Sevcik equation. The effects of changing the scan rate on the electrochemical behavior of ferrocene have been examined.
STUDIES OF CHANGES OF SOME BLOOD PARAMETERS AMONG WORKERS OF CEMENT OF EL MA EL ABIOD TEBESSA ALGERIA
(University of Eloued جامعة الوادي, 2009-07-01) Aouimeur, M.; Goudjil, T.; Rouabhia, A.; Hamiri, M.
In Algeria, the industrial development engenders the appearance of the sanitary and environmental problems resulting from the pollution due to these certain industries such as the industry cimentiÃ¨re. With the aim of estimating the sanitary state of the workers of the cement works; a study was made for 30 workers of the cement works. This study is based on the determination of the values of 07 parameters hÃ©matologiques (red blood cells, haemoglobin, hÃ©matocrite, average spherical volume, The corpuscular concentration averages in haemoglobin, The corpuscular content averages in haemoglobin and the number of white blood cells) and two parameters considered as markers premature of the inflammation (sedimentation speed and protein-C-reactive). These results are compared with two other populations, one of the inhabitants of the region and other one of the inhabitants far from the cement works avec 60 km. The statistical analyses are based on the comparison of the variances and the analysis in main constituent (ACP). The comparison of the variance of the various variable of the individuals show a resemblance between the workers and the inhabitants close to the cement works but significant differences appeared between both populations and those of the cement works for some parameters. The global analysis of these results with the ACP showed a general coherence. The observation of the groups allowed removing some peculiarities. This distribution shows the relation between the functional state and the variation of the parameters.
EFFECT OF OPERATING CONDITIONS ON THIN LAYERS OF TITANIUM POSED ON STEEL 100C6 SUBSTRATES WITH PVD METHOD
(University of Eloued جامعة الوادي, 2009-07-01) R. Gheriani; R. Halimi
We proposed to prepare hard coatings based on titanium carbides by deposition of thin layers of pure Ti by sputtering method on steel substrates 100C6 of 1 %mass carbon. The samples were annealed under vacuum in the temperature range of 400 Â° C to 1000 Â° C, in order to activate the reaction between the two parts of the system which results the formation of carbides of Ti due to the diffusion of carbon from the substrate towards depositedÂ layers. We therefore note an improvement in mechanical properties such as hardness. To demonstrate the effect of deposition parameters, we have prepared two series, the first one with a high pressure of argon and remarkable energy of extracted atoms, and in the case of the second one the pressure and kinetic energy are relatively less important. The samples of series 2 show features more important: a compact structure and good mechanical properties. The reaction between thin films and substrates is studied by x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The measurements of microhardness were performed with the Vickers meth
Stady of the SEMI- Theoretical Relation of the Hydraulic JuMP Evolving in An U-SHaped Channel, With Rough Bed
(University of Eloued جامعة الوادي, 2009-07-01) Ghomri, A.; Debabeche, M.; Riguet, F.
This study has for objective to study the theoretical relation of the hydraulic jump by sill, evolving in an U-shaped channel, with a rough bed. Functional relations, in non-dimensional form, relating the jump characteristics, seeming the effect of the bed's roughness, are obtained. A comparative study with the hydraulic jump in U-shaped channel, with smooth bed is proposed.
INHIBITION EFFECT OF FLAVONOID EXTRACT OF EUPHORBIA GUYONIANA ON THE CORROSION OF MILD STEEL IN H2SO4 MEDIUM
(University of Eloued جامعة الوادي, 2009-07-01) Chihi, S.; Gherraf, N.; Alabed, B.; Hameurlain, S.
The influence of flavonoids extracts of three parts of Euphorbia Guyoniana towards the corrosion of type API 5L X52 steel in 15% H2SO4 has been evaluated by weight loss method and polarization technique. The results showed that extracts are a good inhibitors for API 5L X52 steel in this medium. The corrosion inhibition efficiency increases on increasing plant extracts concentration. The inhibition is attributed to the adsorption of the surface of the metal. Potentiodynamic polarization results revealed that the studied inhibitors behave as a mixed type.
Effect Of Climatic Factor On The Mechanical Behaviour Of Aeolian Blades: Application Of Hybrid Composite Materials
(University of Eloued جامعة الوادي, 2010-01-01) Mili, F.; Lekrine, A.; Bouyaya, L.; Bourouis, F.
The great interest which the wind power brings in the development of the various economic sectors encourages to contribute in the improvement of the hydrothermal and mechanical performances of the blades of wind rotors with horizontal axis. The use of composite materials involves a profit of substantial weight, strength to the directional constraints that the blade will undergo during its work and a reduction of the aerodynamic and mechanical losses. The adoption of composite materials with unidirectional reinforcement carbon/epoxy makes it possible to get for the structure a high wear resistance and a reduction of the phenomenon of bearing pressure created around the airfoil of the blade moving relative compared to the speed of the wind. The evaluation of the behavior of such composites with [+θ/- θ]4S stacking sequence, with the combined effect of the temperature, the moisture and the tensile effort constitutes the principal axis of this contribution. In order to minimize the costs, our analysis will direct towards hybrid composite materials glass-carbon/epoxy being presented in the form of symmetrical laminates [+/0°]2S and antisymmetric [+/0°/90°/-]. The results obtained showed that their use contributes to the improvement of their thermomechanical behavior by involving profits of performance, weight, cost savings and energy.
Optimal Management For Waters For The Production Of Electrical Energy
(University of Eloued جامعة الوادي, 2010-01-01) Bensalem, A.; Oudai, A.; El-maouhab, A.; Bouhentala, A.
The hydropower management along a short-term planning horizon is a determinist problem, which consists in determining the amount of water to be discharged from each reservoir of the system over the defined planning horizon so that to meet the hourly load demand assigned previously. The prime objective here is to perform the operating policy with the lowest use of water; which is achieved by avoiding spilling and by maximizing the hydroelectric generation, besides satisfying all operating constraints. The maximization of electrical power production is achieved by maximizing the heads. Consequently, this allows maximizing the reservoirs content. To solve to the deterministic hydropower management problem, we use the discrete maximum principle. While solving the equations relating to the discrete maximum principle, we use the gradient method. However, to treat equality constraints we use Lagrange’s multiplier method. To treat the inequalities constraints we use the augmented Lagrangian method. The developed algorithm gives a satisfactory solution for the problem and turns out to be very efficient.
Study And Realization Of Device Of Solar Sensitive Tracking For A Prototype Of Cylindro-parabolic Concentrator
(University of Eloued جامعة الوادي, 2010-01-01) Gama, A.; Larbes, C.; Malek, A.; Yettou, F.
After the realization of a new prototype of concentrator through, we have study the realization of a sun tracking system in order to assure the best system efficiency throughout the day. We started in the first step by the blind sun tracking where we have acquired the good results. In this paper we try to speak about the realization of a new system of sun tracking who is the sensitive sun tracking. In this sort of tracking we have used a special telescope, like a sensitive element in for the detection of sun position. An electronic Card based PIC microcontroller is realized to pilot the mechanic system of the san tracking. In order to controlled the prototype we have put on a chain of data acquisition. The results were compared with the results of the blind sun tracking system and the stationary position, it was noted that the results were better this time and the efficiency is very important.
Simulation Of New Simple Fuzzy Logic Maximum Power Point Tracker For Photovoltaic Array
(University of Eloued جامعة الوادي, 2010-01-01) Serhoud H. . Benattous D. . Labbi Y.
A new simple fuzzy method used for tracking the maximum power point tracker (MPPT) for photovoltaic systems is proposed. The input parameters and duty cycle D are used to generate the optimal MPPT under different operating conditions, The photovoltaic system simulated and constructed by photovoltaic arrays, a DC/DC boost converter, a fuzzy MPPT control and a resistive load, The Fuzzy control law designed and the results in a simulation platform will be presented and compare to Perturbation and observation (P&O) controller.
The Simple Mono-canal Algorithm For The Temperature Estimating Of The Surface From Images Of Infrared Thermal Canal Of Meteosat
(University of Eloued جامعة الوادي, 2010-01-01) Labbi, A.; Mokhnache, A.
The knowledge of the surface temperature is strongly required in several applications, for instance in agrometeorology, climatology and environmental studies. In this study we have developed an algorithm mono-canal to estimate land surface temperature (Ts) in spectral band as the infrared channel (IR) of METEOSAT-7. This algorithm permits us to join by a relationship of second order the surface temperature to the brightness temperature (Tb) at the sensor level. This algorithm is obtained starting from the radiative transfer equation and requires the knowledge of atmospheric transmittance (), the surface emissivity () and the effective mean atmospheric temperature (Ta). The results obtained were validated by using the LOWTRAN-7 radiative transfer code. For a values of atmospheric water content (W) lower or equal to 3.1 g/cm2 and for values of emissivity equal or higher than 0.98, we had found that the maximum difference between the land surface temperature estimated and simulated by LOWTRAN-7 does not exceed 2°C.
Effect Of The Space Between Two Glasses On The Solar Sensor Performance Of Plan In Double-glazed Collector
(University of Eloued جامعة الوادي, 2010-01-01) Ben Guehza, M. L.; Kaabi, A.
The work presented in this paper is a contribution to the theoretical study of the impact of space between the protective glass and the glass through the performance of a solar plan double glazing. Under the climatic conditions in the region of Ouargla Algeria. The study was carried out using a mathematical model obtained by writing the laws of conservation of energy in the system. Type of day June 15, 2008 at Ouargla. To simplify the system of equations of energy, we use the finite difference method with an implicit scheme. The algebraic system obtained and solved by the iterative Gauss Seidel, the program is inscribe FORTRAN. We also took into account the variation of the angle of incidence and refraction of solar radiation in terms of time and its influence on the coefficients of transmission, reflection and absorption.
Study On The Energetic Parameters In A Photothermic Sensor With Black Polymeric Film
(University of Eloued جامعة الوادي, 2010-01-01) Benmoussat, A.; Baba Ahmed, N.; Ainad Tabet, S.; Belahcene, B.
Renewable energies such as thermal solar energy are accessible energy hydrous for desalination water, recycling and hot water production. Heat is produced by greenhouse effect in the sensor. It is no polluting form of energy according to the sustainable development. In this paper the design of sensor photothermic prototype with polymeric film absorbing, the materials radiation properties, the analysis of different energy losses in the system and the energy balance will be presented. The evolution of incidental solar illumination on the horizontal plan of sensor and the temperature distribution are studied. Results showed that the temperature obtained by thermal conversion depends on the absorbing characteristics of the polymeric film, radiation intensity and time exposure
Particle Swarm Optimization Based Of The Maximum Photovoltaic Power Tractioqg Under Different Conditions
(University of Eloued جامعة الوادي, 2010-01-01) Labbi, Y.; Ben Attous, D.; Sarhoud, H.
Photovoltaic electricity is seen as an important source of renewable energy. The photovoltaic array is an unstable source of power since the peak power point depends on the temperature and the irradiation level. A maximum peak power point tracking is then necessary for maximum efficiency. In this work, a Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is proposed for maximum power point tracker for photovoltaic panel, are used to generate the optimal MPP, such that solar panel maximum power is generated under different operating conditions. A photovoltaic system including a solar panel and PSO MPP tracker is modelled and simulated, it has been has been carried out which has shown the effectiveness of PSO to draw much energy and fast response against change in working conditions.
Eco-casting Of Aeolian Blades And Solar Panels With Composites Materials Via Rtm Technology
(University of Eloued جامعة الوادي, 2010-01-01) Attaf, B.
The technique used for manufacturing composite wind turbine blades and solar panels must be sure of environment-friendly. In order to achieve this objective, the closed mould manufacturing process that takes into account environment preservation and health protection besides assurance quality will be the subject of this article. The requirements of sustainable development and ecodesign are the objectives to be fulfilled with an acceptable degree of tolerance in relation to the new regulations and eco-standards.
Experimental Study And Development Of A Water Basin Used As Solar Sensor
(University of Eloued جامعة الوادي, 2010-01-01) Laouini, S. E.; Ben Haoua, B.; Ouahrani, M. R
Energy sources play an important role in the development of humanity, with the industrial and technological evolution of our century. Energy demand is increasing every year, for this reason we must seek an alternate source of energy more specifically new and renewable energy including solar energy. Note that solar energy is abundant, especially the south-eastern Algeria, where solar radiation is significant in any year. Given that it is the cheapest of all other energy, many researches and experiments have been conducted to recover the maximum amount of renewable energy and to address the problems of use and operation to reduce and save energy traditional. This work concerns the development of a new device is a basin filled with water used as a solar plane and a storage medium. The results obtained are very important in terms of heating water, the water temperature at outlet of basin reaches up to 74 ° C, also the inlet temperature is 29 ° C.
Optimization Of Aeolian Energy Conversion Optimisation De La Conversion De L’energie Eolienne
(University of Eloued جامعة الوادي, 2010-01-01) Soufi, Y.; Bahi, T.; Harkat, M. F.; Mohamedi, M.
The use of renewable energy increases, because people are increasingly concerned with environmental issues. Among renewable, wind power is now widely used. Their study showed that a value of wind speed, there is a maximum mechanical power supplied by the turbine. So, power is supplied are particularly changes with maximum speed. However, the objective of this paper is to present an algorithm for optimal conversion of wind energy based on a criterion optimization that must maintain specific speed of the turbine at optimum speed which corresponds to the maximum power provided by the steady wind turbine. To this end, the object is to preserve the position of any static operating point on the characteristic of optimal. To validate the model and algorithm for optimal conversion of wind energy, a series of numerical simulations carried out using the software MatLab Simulink will be presented is discussed.
Experimental Measurement, Analysis And Modelling Of Dependency Emissivity In Function Of Temperature
(University of Eloued جامعة الوادي, 2010-01-01) Baba Ahmed, N.; Benmoussat, A.; Benouaz, T.
We propose a direct method of measurement of the total emissivity of opaque samples on a range of temperature around the ambient one. The method rests on the modulation of the temperature of the sample and the infra-red signal processing resulting from the surface of the sample we model the total emissivity obtained in experiments according to the temperature to establish linear correlations. This leads us to apply the method of optimal linearization associated the finite element method with the nonlinear problem of transfer of heat if thermal conductivity, the specific heat and the emissivity of studied material depend on the temperature. We obtain a good agreement between the resolution of the nonlinear equation of heat and the results obtained by the experimentation.
Experimental Study Of The Production Of Solar Hydrogen In Algeria
(University of Eloued جامعة الوادي, 2010-01-01) Bendaikha, W.; Larbi, S.; Mahmah, B.; Belhamel, M.
Hydrogen is a sustainable fuel option and one of the potential solutions for the current energy and environmental problems. In this study hydrogen is produced using a hydrogen generator with a Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) electrolyser. An experimental study is done in the Center of Development of the Renewable Energy, Algiers, Algeria. The experimental device contains essentially a photovoltaic module, a PEM electrolyser, a gasometer and the devices of measures of characteristics of the PEM electrolyser as well as two pyranometers for the horizontal and diffuse global radiance registration. This system in pilots scale is permitted on the one hand, to measured and analyzed the characteristics: of the PEM electrolyser for two different pressures of working (Patm and P=3 bar), on the other hand, to study the volume of hydrogen produces in the time with different sources of electrical power (generator, photovoltaic module, fluorescent lamp), the efficiency for every case is calculated and compared. We present in this paper the variation of the solar hydrogen flow rate produced according to the global radiance and according to the time for a typical day’s of August

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