JFAS_Vol 09 N 03
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Item EFFICIENCY OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT BY A MIXTURE OF SLUDGE AND MICROALGAE(University of Eloued جامعة الوادي, 2017-09-01) Khaldi, H.; Maatoug, M.; Heilmeier, H.; Dellal, A.A combined system using the microalgae from South Africa and the sewage sludge from Algeria has been tested, in order to study the efficiency of wastewater treatment by mixtures of microalgae / activated sludge, five bioreactors were installed with different inoculation rates (microalgae / activated sludge) B1: 100% algae, B2: 90.90%: 9.1%, B3: 83.33%: 16.67%, B4: 50%: 50% and B5: 16.67: 83.33. The best removal percentages were measured as: 76.36% for PO4-P, 94.90% for NO3-N, 90.42% for NH4-N and 65.73% for COD, in the combined system. Except in the case of COD, there were highly significant effects of different inoculations rates on yield. The best results are those of the bioreactor B5. These results suggest that the nutrients in the wastewater can be effectively eliminated by co-cultivation of micro-algae with bacteria (activated sludge).Item A COMBINATION OF SCALABLE ALGORITHMS FOR OPTIMISING PI CONTROLLER(University of Eloued جامعة الوادي, 2017-09-01) Laroussi, K.; Iratni, A.In several works using a single approach for optimization the parametres of PI controller confirms that the use of a single approach does not necessarily produce optimal results. In this paper, we propose to optimize the performance of the parametres controller by combining two scalable algorithms, genetic algorithms GA and particle Swarm PS, in order to optimize the parameters of the PI controller and to minimize the. By refining the parameters of controleur that monitor performance. Using a search engine that compares the error values of the different approaches and scenarios and, in each scenario, selects the results with the minimum error value. This method has been applied to control the speed of the induction machine. The results obtained by simulation show the high performance and robustness of this technique.Item GRADIENT REMEDIABILITY IN LINEAR DISTRIBUTED PARABOLIC SYSTEMS ANALYSIS, APPROXIMATIONS AND SIMULATIONS(University of Eloued جامعة الوادي, 2017-09-01) Rekkab, S.; Benhadid, S.The aim of this paper is the introduction of a new concept that concerned the analysis of a large class of distributed parabolic systems. It is the general concept of gradient remediability. More precisely, we study with respect to the gradient observation, the existence of an input operator (gradient efficient actuators) ensuring the compensation of known or unknown disturbances acting on the considered system. Then, we introduce and we characterize the notions of exact and weak gradient remediability and their relationship with the notions of exact and weak gradient controllability. Main properties concerning the notion of gradient efficient actuators are considered. The minimum energy problem is studies, and we show how to find the optimal control which compensates the disturbance of the system. Approximations and numerical simulations are also presented. ÂItem EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF THE PECTINS OF THE DATES (PHOENIX DACTYLIFERA L) ON THE BIOCHEMICAL INDICATORS OF LEAD POISONING IN MALE WISTAR RATS(University of Eloued جامعة الوادي, 2017-09-01) Sadi, N.; Ouldali, O.; Bekara, A.; Aoues, A.This study is conducted to examine the effect of the oral administration of pectin of dates on perturbation of the biochemical parameters induced by lead. Male rats were exposed to lead acetate at 350mg/Kg for one month, after this period, rats treated during one month with the pectin of date at 3%. Rats were sacrificed, the blood and urine are collected for the biochemical assays: glucose, total protein, phosphatase acide (PAC), alkaline phosphatase (PAL), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), creatinine, urea and uric acid. The results showed that the exposure to lead has induced a disturbance in the biochemical parameters. Thus, the treatment by the pectin of dates reduced the high concentration of these parameters. Our results show that the pectins of dates may have a corrective effect on the biochemical disturbances induced by the lead.Item CONTRIBUTION TO THE STUDY OF THE QUALITY PHYSICOCHEMICAL OF THE WATERS OF THE WATER OF THE COMPLEX TERMINAL IN THE VALLEY OF OUED SOUF (SOUTH-EAST ALGERIAN)(University of Eloued جامعة الوادي, 2017-09-01) Zaiz, I.; Zine, B.; Boutoutaou, D.; Khechana, S.The area of Oued-Souf consists of a good amount of underground water resources. These resources consist of two big aquifers: the Terminal Complex and the Continental Intercalary. The Chemical quality of these waters creates big problems like: the high mineralization and the concentration of some elements that surpass the recommended norms stated by the OMS. The objectives of the present study relate to quality of the waters within this area and their effects on the environment. According to the results obtained from the different methods utilized, diagram and statistical tool, it could be said that the mineralization of these waters is geologic in origin. The mineralization relate to the composition of the strata that make the two layers. The problem of the Oued-Souf area waters is in essence a problem of quality, for this we believe there must be some rigorous research to develop the chemical quality of these waters and to guarantee their accountability to the international norms before mobilizing them to the consumers.Item IDENTIFICATION OF HYDROGEOCHEMICAL PROCESSES IN A NORTH EASTERN ENDOREIC BASIN UNDER SEMI-ARID CONDITIONS (ALGERIA)(University of Eloued جامعة الوادي, 2017-09-01) D. Dib, A. Khiari, K. Kadi, M. Oualdjaoui, N. GherrafStatistical and geochemical methods were used to identify the factors influencing the behavior of groundwater in the Tarf watershed, characterized by a high water deficit. The chemical facies deduced from the piper diagram and the correlations between different major cations and anions evoked a dominance of the evaporite minerals with respect to the carbonates which are saturated and try to precipitate. Besides the projection of the results of a few points followed over a period of 4 years (2011-1015) on the Gibbs plot demonstrates the dominance of the processes of evaporation - precipitation with respect to the erosion which is very slowed during the last years due to the fact of lack of effective precipitation.Item THE GEOGRAPHICAL DIMENSION OF CLIMATE DATA IN ALGERIA(University of Eloued جامعة الوادي, 2017-09-01) Bennour, T.; Guettouche, M. S.; Martinez Ibarra, E.In Algeria, implementation, monitoring and exploitation of climate data, development and dissemination of periodic publications and climate assistance to users, are tasks of the National Climatological Centre (NCC). Moreover, the effective management of this large volume of data requires the use of new technologies such as Geographic Information Systems (GIS). In this context, the aim of the present work is to develop an IT solution on the Web, based on the use of Geographic Information Systems. The approach consists, first, to design databases to store various data used (climatic and topographic) considering the functional needs such as the dissemination of data in several modes (read, download) and the possibility direct data access from remote locations. Then the choice of technology and tools to implement a mapping solution that will allow, in addition to the functionality of storage and distribution of different types of data, analysis of climate observations by using a web service whitin the WPS (Web Processing Service) standard.Item LIQUID-LIQUID EXTRACTION OF IRON (III) FROM OUENZA IRON ORE LEACH LIQUOR BY TRIBUTYLPHOSPHATE(University of Eloued جامعة الوادي, 2017-09-01) Nouioua, A.; Barkat, D.The solvent extraction of iron (III) from the hydrochloric acid leach liquor of iron ore from mine of Ouenza, Algeria with tributylphosphate (TBP) in chloroform was studied. The effect of several parameters, such as contact time, HCl concentration, TBP concentration and chloride inorganic salt (KCl) concentration on the efficiency of extraction of iron was examined at 19±2 °C. It was found that, for 2 min 3M TBP in presence of 5M HCl and 2 M of KCl can cause high extraction (98.57 %) of iron (III). The stoichiometry of the extracted species was determined by using the method of slope analysis. The number of moles of H+,  and TBP associated with the extracted species was determined and the extracted species was found to be HFeCl4(TBP)2.Item INVENTORY OF ARTHROPODS ON SESBANIA ACUELATA IN THE ALGERIAN SAHARA AND QUANTIFICATION OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS BY HPLC(University of Eloued جامعة الوادي, 2017-09-01) larkem, I.; Benchikha, N.; Domandji, S.; Domandji, M. B.The present study was carried out at the I.T.D.A.S. (Biskra). It contributes to the inventory and knowledge of arthropods which are successfully infecting a plant newly introduced in Algeria in this case Sesbania acuelata. During the summer of 2016, each month, arthropods are collected using three methods: pitful traps, yellow water traps and direct hunting. The survey resulted in the retrieval of 685 individuals in 125 arthropods, grouped into 66 families and 13 orders. The results thus obtained showed a predominance of the order Hymenoptera followed by Diptera and Orthoptera. The Order of the acari is the least represented. For a better qualitative and quantitative analysis of the species identified, numerous ecological indices were used.    The extract obtained was analyzed, under optimum conditions, by HPLC which allowed the identification of seven phenolic compounds which are ascorbic acid, gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, and Vanillin, quercitin, rutin acids.    Sesbania acuelata, can be, however, considered as a plant of pharmaceutical utility of great importance in addition to the other virtues.Item ASSESSING OF WATER POLLUTION OF AIN ZADA DAM BY NUTRIENTS (NORTH-EAST OF ALGERIA)(University of Eloued جامعة الوادي, 2017-09-01) Mebarkia, A.; A. Haouchine, A.; A. Boudoukha, A.; Nedjai, R.In order to evaluate the impact of potential pollutions on the water quality in the watershed of the upstream of wadi Boussellem (North-east of Algeria), the evolution of the chemical composition of waters of the Ain Zada dam was studied over a period of ten years. Using a linear model of trends method, have been detected and quantified for the substances that are connected with the fertilizers and domestic effluents. An increasing concentration is observed for most of these substances. The increase of 88% in COD, 66% in BOD5 and the decrease of 4.3% in pH, suggests a degradation of O.M 85% by microorganisms. This degradation was accompanied by a decrease of 2% of O2dis content. The large increases of E.C 76%, NH4 290% and NO2 100%, are related to a marked increase in fertilizers applications and the denitrification of NO3 where latters declined by 77%. These increases are related also to the large amount of human and animal organic materials and industrial waste dumped.Item BIOLOGICAL CONTROL BY (COCCINELLA ALGERICA, KOVAR 1977) AGAINST THE PUCERON OF CROPS UNDER GREENHOUSES (STATION BIORESSOURCES OF EL OUTAYA CRSTRA) BISKRA; ALGERIA(University of Eloued جامعة الوادي, 2017-09-01)Inputs from chemicals, particularly pesticides, to control crop pests have adverse effects on soil and the environment, among others. To reduce pest attacks, biological control with indigenous predators is the alternative and the cleanest, most environmentally friendly and ecologically balanced way. In order to achieve this objective, we carried out ladybird breeding and releases were carried out on vegetable crops under glass in the Bioressources (CRSTRA) station where chemical inputs are not used.  This study shows that massive and successive releases larvae Coccinella algerica stage L3 and L4 (10 to 20 larvae C.algerica  and »350 individuals in Individuals in adult stage / infested plants)  reduced effectively the population of aphids.Item EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF FLOW PATTERN AROUND REPELLING AND ATTRACTING T-HEAD SPUR DIKES ON FLAT BED(University of Eloued جامعة الوادي, 2017-09-01) Mahdieh Najafabadi, A.; Bateni, M. M.Use of T-head spur dikes is one of the common methods to control erosion of riverbanks. Nevertheless, setting spur dikes in the flow direction leads to modification of flow path and local scour in the site of the spur dike. In case of intensification, this can destruct the structure and the riverbank. Therefore, understanding its mechanism and characteristics are crucial. The main objective of this study is to investigate and compare the flow pattern around submerged attracting and repelling T-head spur dikes in a flat bed. The experimental Flume was a rectangular channel with bed width of 92 cm, bank height of 60 cm and length of 8.7 m. around spur dike at 24 cross sections, 16 profiles and 3 depths velocity was measured by 2-D electromagnetic velocimeter. The results showed that downflow in upstream of repelling spur dike is stronger than the downstream part and the Length of downstream circulation zone is larger in attracting spur dike.Item CONTRIBUTION TO THE STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF ORGANIC EXTRACTS OF BUNIUM INCRASSATUM ON THE HEMATOLOGICAL, OVARIAN AND UTERINE PARAMETERS OF MATURE FEMALE RABBIT(University of Eloued جامعة الوادي, 2017-09-01) Chentouh, S.; Boulahbel, S.; Ouldjaoui, A.; Hammoudi, N.; Djebaili, H.; Adjel, F.The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of the organic extracts of Bunium incrassatum roots, belonging to the Apiaceae family, on some hematological parameter and histomorphological changes of the genital tract. This plant, called ‘Talghouda‘, is widely distributed in the east parts of Algeria. Phytochemical analyzes of the roots of this plant reveal the presence of two coumarins, scopoletin, scoparone Beta-sitosterol, sucrose and oleic acid. The study was achieved on mature rabbits of the local breed (Oryctolagus cuniculus) for 15 days. The animals were divided into five groups, which have daily administered 0, 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg/day respectively doses of organic extract of Bunium incrassatum. The group with dose 0 was taken as a control. After treatment, the rabbits were sacrificed, the blood was collected in heparin tubes and their ovaries and uterus were removed and fixed in 10% formalin and then stained with hematoxylin-eosin. We found that treatment with the organic Bunium Incrassatum extract induces a significant decrease in the level of Triglyceride, Cholesterol in treated rabbits. The results of the histological study revealed a significant increase in the number of primary and secondary follicles in rabbits treated with 50 and 100 mg/kg/day doses and a decrease accompanied by an increase in atretic follicles in rabbits treated with a dose of 200 mg/kg/day, compared to the control group. The study shows that the organic extract of Bunium Incrassatum had estrogenic effects at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg/day.Item FABRICATION AND INVESTIGATION OF STRUCTURAL, OPTICAL AND DIELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF BISMUTH TRISULFIDE (BI2S3) THIN FILM(University of Eloued جامعة الوادي, 2017-09-01) Benattou, H.; Benramdane, N.; Medles, M.Bismuth trisulfide (Bi2S3) in thin films was prepared by spray pyrolysis method at temperature of 280°c. The films were of orthorhombic crystal structure, and direct optical gap of 1.61eV. Tangent of dielectric losses, AC conductivity, dielectric constant and electric modulus were investigated versus the frequency (5Hz-13MHz) and the temperature (293-333°K). The single electric relaxation time is of order of nano-second and DC conductivity from 0.29 to 3.22 (Ω.cm)-1, were indicated from electrical analysis. The observed behavior was described in term of a multi-hopping process. The dependence of ‘σAC’ and ‘S’ with temperature, were interpreted by the model (CBH). The density of the localized states N(Ef) is of order of 1020 cm-3.Ω-1, the maximum barrier height WM of order of 0.1eV, and the activation energy (Ea ≈0.12eV ) were calculated for these materials.Item WATER AND PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF OKRA ABELMOSCHUS ESCULENTUS UNDER SALINE STRESS GROWN ON A BENTONIZED SUBSTRATE(University of Eloued جامعة الوادي, 2017-09-01) Rahim Guealia, H.; Belkhodja, M.; Reguieg, H. Y.; Babou, F. Z.In many arid and semi-arid regions of the world, Salinity has become an important problem for agricultural production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different treatments of NaCl (Control, 100 mM and 300 mM) for 7 days, on young okra plants (Abelmoschus esculentus), grown in two types of substrate with (B7%) and without bentonite (SB) under controlled greenhouse conditions. The results showed that the two factors (salinity and bentonite) imposed in our study have a significant effect on the water status estimated by RWC, RWL and DHS in addition of the accumulation of the osmoregulator (proline, soluble sugars).Item IMPACT OF EARTHWORM ACTIVITY ON THE CHEMICAL FERTILITY OF IRRIGATED SOIL WITH URBAN EFFLUENTS(University of Eloued جامعة الوادي, 2017-09-01) Addad, D.; Kribaa, M.; Ababsa, N.; Tamrabet, L.; Hafidi, M.; El Fels, L.; Benmahammed, A.The reuse of urban effluents to irrigate the soils of peri-urban grasslands in the vicinity of the town of Setif (northeastern Algeria) is an old and widespread practice. In this context, the present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of the irrigation with urban effluents on the biological and chemical behavior of soils. Effluents analysis showed significant organic and particulate pollution, the latter contributed to earthworm abundance and increased the richness of irrigated soils with nutrients. The analysis of turricules revealed the role of earthworms through the activity of bioturbation in the increase of the rate of organic matter as well as in the bioavailability of the nutrients of the irrigated soils. In space, permanent vegetation cover has played an important role as a biofilter. This was confirmed by the inter-site differences recorded through the measured variables particularly organic ones.Item THE SURFACE WATER STORAGE PROBLEM IN ARID REGIONS: A CASE STUDY OF THE GARGAR DAM, ALGERIA(University of Eloued جامعة الوادي, 2017-09-01) Benfetta, H.; Ouadja, A.Most dams lose capacity as a result of three principal phenomena: leakage, sedimentation and evaporation. The study of these phenomena is particularly important as they can also endanger the dam’s stability. Here, we examine the case of the Gargar dam in western Algeria. This dam is located in an arid zone where water resources are becoming increasingly scarce. It is situated 5 km from the city of Ghelizane and is subject to considerable water loss. It has never been filled to capacity, and is now threatened by leakages that are clearly evolving over time. This article extends our earlier studies of the dam. Our work has estimated total average losses of 25 million m3 /year for the period 1988–2015, made up of leakage (0.3 million m3 /year) and evaporation (18 million m3 /year), while dead storage accounts for 4.6 million m3 /year. However, total losses for 2004 were estimated at 113.9 million m3, which increased to the alarming value of 166.8 million m3 in 2015. We analyze variation in leakage as a function of the reservoir level, and quantify losses due to leaks, sedimentation and evaporation.Item BEHAVIOR OF CEREAL€™S VARIETIES IN THE PRESENCE OF HETERODERA AVENAE WOLL (HETERODERIDAE, TYLENCHIDA) CYST NEMATODE IN TIARET AREA (ALGERIA)(University of Eloued جامعة الوادي, 2017-09-01) Labdelli, F.; Adamou-Djerbaoui, M.; Oulbachi, K.; Allel, A.The behaviour of cereals varieties (Ofanto, Waha and Vitron for durum wheat; Anza and HD1120 for bread wheat and Saida with Acsad for barly) were tested towards Heterodera avenae; The analysis of the variance reveals that the nematode has an effect on the development of durum wheat for the number of ear per seedling and the weight of thousand seeds, with respectively (P = 0,0033) and (P = 0,000) for the infested varieties and the witnesses. Common wheat shows a highly significant difference (P=0,0000) for the varieties infested and pilot and of the same for the barley, but with a significant difference with (P= 0,0002) between the varieties of barley. The two varieties of barley were different when with the weight from 1000grains. The ACP of any species confers that Saida is the most sensitive variety followed by Ofanto and Anza to attack of this nematode.Item THE USE OF MULTIVARIAT STATISTICAL METHODE TO STUDY THE AQUIFER SYSTEM OF TERMINAL COMPLEX WATER IN THE WADI RIGH VALLEY AREA (SOUTHERN ALGERIA)(University of Eloued جامعة الوادي, 2017-09-01) Bettahar, A.; Nezli, I. E.; Kechiched, R.Groundwater resources in the wadi Righ valley are presented by two major aquifers: Intercalary Continental and Terminal Complex. From a qualitative point of view, various studies have highlighted that the waters of this region showed excessive mineralization, including the waters of the Terminal Complex (EC = 5854.61 S / cm) .The present article is a statistical approach by two multi methods various complementary (ACP CAH), applied to the analytical data of multilayered aquifer waters Terminal Complex of the Oued Righ valley. The approach is to establish a correlation between the chemical composition of water and the lithological nature of different aquifer levels formations, and predict possible connection between groundwater’s layers. The results show that the mineralization of water is from geological origin. They concern the composition of the layers that make up the Complex Terminal.          ÂItem IMPACT OF DIRECT SEEDING ON SOIL WATER RETENTION IN SEMI-ARID AREA (REGION HIGHLANDS OF WESTERN ALGERIA)(University of Eloued جامعة الوادي, 2017-09-01) Kouadria, M.; Hassani, A.; Ghezali, D.; Oulbachir, K.This investigation is falls within the framework of conservation agriculture. Indeed, twenty-five years after the first of zero tillage farming experiences, this new method was named crop conservation agriculture because it helps preserve soil nutrients, water absorption enhancing and infiltration and biodiversity by maintaining the natural equilibrium in the soil. The objective of this work is the study of the impact of tillage (conventional work and direct sowing) on water properties of the soil, especially the water-holding capacity of the soil in semi arid zone (case of Tiaret region). According to the results, the comparative analysis between the two types of tillage (direct drilling and conventional tillage) shows that water studied parameters such as moisture equivalent (He), of holding capacity (Cr) wilting point (Pf) and AWR (UK) are higher in the case of direct seeding than in the case of conventional labor Â