Browsing by Author "MacDonald, Idu"

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In-vitro Antioxidant activity, Biosafety, Nociceptive and Antiinflammatory potential of Acetone Polyherbal (ELNA) Extract in mice
(جامعة الوادي - University of Eloued, 2021-12-30) MacDonald, Idu; Benjamin, Ogunma Gabriel; Chike Uzochukwu, Onuigbo
ELNA (Moringa oleifera, Crateva religiosa and Curcuma longa) is a polyherbal formulation comprising of Moringa oleifera, Crateva religiosa and Curcuma longa. It is used traditionally in the treatment of inflammation, gastro-intestinal infections, hypertension and immune compromised diseases. This study investigate the in-vitro anti-oxidant capacity, biosafety, nociceptive and anti-inflammatory potential of polyherbal ELNA acetone extract. In-vitro antioxidant study was done on the extract using a standard protocol of 1, 1, Diphenyl 2, picrylhydraxyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. Toxicological profiling was done using standard methods. Acetic acid, hot plate and egg albumin models were designed for the nociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of the extract. DPPH scavenging property of the extract showed significant increase at graded concentration. Acute toxicity study of ELNA acetone extract revealed no toxic effect, with absent mortality and less adverse effect (LD50>5000 mg/kg body weight). The sub-chronic toxicity study of the acetone extract for 28 days, showed no significant difference (p= 0.05) in the organ to body weight ratio. The haematological indexes indicated no significant different except at 400 mg/kg that elicited slight significant (p<0.05) increase in the platelet. The results showed that graded doses of the extract at (400, 800 and 1200 mg/kg body weight) exhibited significant (p<0.05) decrease in peripheral and central pain also a decrease in the paw edema volume of inflammation. This was achieved in dose dependent manner. The result of this study established a pharmacological evidence for the traditional use of ELNA as an analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent, it also present information on the anti-oxidant properties and toxicity profile of the formulation.
Phytochemistry, In-vitro antioxidant, Microbicidal, Anti-ulcerogenic and Biosafety Potential of Emilia coccinea Aqueous Extract in Animal models.
(جامعة الوادي - University of Eloued, 2021-12-30) MacDonald, Idu; Benjamin Ogunma, Gabriel; Charles Osayande, Agboonogieva
Emilia coccinea enhances the treatment of several disease conditions include; vertigo management, ringworm, cough, gonorrhoea, ulcers, lice, measles, seizure, eye drop. This study investigates the phytochemistry, In-vitro antioxidant, anti-ulcerogenic, microbicidal and biosafety effect of aqueous extracts of E. coccinea using animal model. E. coccinea leaf was freshly obtained, shade dried, pulverized and prepared into aqueous extract. Standard procedure were used for the evaluation of the phytochemicals, in-vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Twenty five (25) Wistar rats were acclimitized and randomly selected into five groups (n=5) such as untreated group, 10 mg/kg cimetidine and graded doses (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w.) of aqueous extract of E. coccinea to evaluate antiulcer and twenty Wistar rats were used for the biosafety effects. Results from the qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening showed the present of phenol (47.19 mg), saponins (84.64 mg), alkaloids (75.17 mg), cardiac glycosides (63.12 mg) and anthraquinone (48.79 mg). The antioxidant property showed a competitive scavenging effect against 1,1 diphenyl2-picrylhydraxyl radical when compared with ascorbic acids. Microbial activities of the aqueous extract of E. coccinea at various concentration elicited inhibitory effect against Salmonella typhii, Escherichia coli, Helicobacter pyloris. The ulceration in rat stomach lining induced with 70% ethanol and pretreated with prophylactic measure of aqueous crude extract showed significant reduction in ulcer count, ulcer index with increased percentage inhibition of ulcer when compared with untreated and reference control. The haematological and histopathological study shows no significant difference in the aqueous crude extract with absent toxicity when comparisons with the control
Toxicological assessment of the aqueous leaves extract of Combretum platypterum (Welw) Hutch & Dalziel
(جامعة الوادي - University of Eloued, 2022-12-30) DICKSON, UWAYA UWAYA; MacDonald, Idu
Combretum platypterum belongs to the family of Combretaceae. The leaf is used to treat fever, conjunctivitis, febrifuge, coughs, sexually transmitted diseases, diarrhea, and as a tonic. Despite it being used in ethnomedicine to treat various sicknesses, the safety profile of the leaf extract has not been reported. This study was aimed at testing the acute and sub-acute toxicological assessments of the aqueous leaf extract of Combretum platypterum.The acute study was carried out using mice and rats. In sub-acute experiments, the animals received 0.5, 1, and 2.5 g/kg of the plant extract orally per day for 28 days. The first weight and the last weight were taken. The liver, spleen, kidney, heart, lungs, and stomach were obtained, weighed, and fixed. Blood was obtained for haematology and biochemical assays. The LD50 of the root extract was indeterminable since there was no death in the mice and rats used. The leaf extract significantly increases (p<0.05) the body weight at the dose of 2.5g/kg compared to control. The body weight index was not affected compared to control (p>0.05). At 0.5 and 1 g/kg, the extract significantly increased the level of monocytes (p < 0.05) compared to the control. haematological parameters were not affected. Upon bichemical analysis of the leaf extract, 2.5 g/kg significantly (P<0.05) increased the level of HDL and 0.5 and 1 g/kg significantly (P<0.05) increased the level of TRI compared to control. Other parameters were not affected. This study shows that aqueous root extract is safe.