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Item Study and Evaluation of Electronic transport property for an InAlN based on Monte Carlo(جامعة الوادي - university of el oued, 2022-01-28) Kourdia, Zakarya; Khaouanib, MohammedThe emergence of the semiconductors III-N with heterojunction structures has made it possible to study a wide range of two-dimensional phenomena. This paper devotes to simulate the characteristics of the InAlN material, taking into ac-count temperature and doping as dependencies of conduction properties and performance using MOCASIM of the Tcad-Silvaco software. For the electronic transport model analyzing, we adopted most of the predominant mechanisms using various scattering effects including: optical phonon scattering, acoustic phonon scattering through deformation potential and piezoelectric potential, ionized impurity scattering, and grain boundary scattering. As expected, the carrier transports in the GaN layer are affected by the spontaneous polarization of the InAlN layer. To interact that, the diffusion of grain boundaries has been switched from the diffusion of ionized impurities by the deposition of InAlN. In order to achieve the most improvement possible for the electron transferring in terms of thickness and alloy composition related to the improvement of super-deposited layers. The confinement of sub-bands in channel quantum well is also taken into account in the computation of electron mobility. In the end, the adopted electron model is improved by including the effects of deep electron traps.Item Study and Evaluation of Electronic transport property for an InAlN based on Monte Carlo(جامعة الوادي - university of el oued, 2022-01-28) Kourdia, Zakarya; Khaouani, MohammedThe emergence of the semiconductors III-N with heterojunction structures has made it possible to study a wide range of two-dimensional phenomena. This paper devotes to simulate the characteristics of the InAlN material, taking into ac-count temperature and doping as dependencies of conduction properties and performance using MOCASIM of the Tcad-Silvaco software. For the electronic transport model analyzing, we adopted most of the predominant mechanisms using various scattering effects including: optical phonon scattering, acoustic phonon scattering through deformation potential and piezoelectric potential, ionized impurity scattering, and grain boundary scattering. As expected, the carrier transports in the GaN layer are affected by the spontaneous polarization of the InAlN layer. To interact that, the diffusion of grain boundaries has been switched from the diffusion of ionized impurities by the deposition of InAlN. In order to achieve the most improvement possible for the electron transferring in terms of thickness and alloy composition related to the improvement of super-deposited layers. The confinement of sub-bands in channel quantum well is also taken into account in the computation of electron mobility. In the end, the adopted electron model is improved by including the effects of deep electron trapsItem Study and Evaluation of Electronic transport property for an InAlN based on Monte Carlo(جامعة الوادي - university of el oued, 2022-01-28) Kourdia, Zakarya; Khaouani, MohammedThe emergence of the semiconductors III-N with heterojunction structures has made it possible to study a wide range of two-dimensional phenomena. This paper devotes to simulate the characteristics of the InAlN material, taking into ac-count temperature and doping as dependencies of conduction properties and performance using MOCASIM of the Tcad-Silvaco software. For the electronic transport model analyzing, we adopted most of the predominant mechanisms using various scattering effects including: optical phonon scattering, acoustic phonon scattering through deformation potential and piezoelectric potential, ionized impurity scattering, and grain boundary scattering. As expected, the carrier transports in the GaN layer are affected by the spontaneous polarization of the InAlN layer. To interact that, the diffusion of grain boundaries has been switched from the diffusion of ionized impurities by the deposition of InAlN. In order to achieve the most improvement possible for the electron transferring in terms of thickness and alloy composition related to the improvement of super-deposited layers. The confinement of sub-bands in channel quantum well is also taken into account in the computation of electron mobility. In the end, the adopted electron model is improved by including the effects of deep electron trapsItem Study and Evaluation of Electronic transport property for an InAlN based on Monte Carlo(جامعة الوادي - university of el oued, 2022-01-28) Kourdia, Zakarya; Khaouanib, MohammedThe emergence of the semiconductors III-N with heterojunction structures has made it possible to study a wide range of two-dimensional phenomena. This paper devotes to simulate the characteristics of the InAlN material, taking into ac-count temperature and doping as dependencies of conduction properties and performance using MOCASIM of the Tcad-Silvaco software. For the electronic transport model analyzing, we adopted most of the predominant mechanisms using various scattering effects including: optical phonon scattering, acoustic phonon scattering through deformation potential and piezoelectric potential, ionized impurity scattering, and grain boundary scattering. As expected, the carrier transports in the GaN layer are affected by the spontaneous polarization of the InAlN layer. To interact that, the diffusion of grain boundaries has been switched from the diffusion of ionized impurities by the deposition of InAlN. In order to achieve the most improvement possible for the electron transferring in terms of thickness and alloy composition related to the improvement of super-deposited layers. The confinement of sub-bands in channel quantum well is also taken into account in the computation of electron mobility. In the end, the adopted electron model is improved by including the effects of deep electron traps.Item Study and Evaluation of Electronic transport property for an InAlN based on Monte Carlo(جامعةا الوادي university of el oued, 2022-01-28) Kourdia, Zakarya; Khaouanib, MohammedThe emergence of the semiconductors III-N with heterojunction structures has made it possible to study a wide range of two-dimensional phenomena. This paper devotes to simulate the characteristics of the InAlN material, taking into ac-count temperature and doping as dependencies of conduction properties and performance using MOCASIM of the Tcad-Silvaco software. For the electronic transport model analyzing, we adopted most of the predominant mechanisms using various scattering effects including: optical phonon scattering, acoustic phonon scattering through deformation potential and piezoelectric potential, ionized impurity scattering, and grain boundary scattering. As expected, the carrier transports in the GaN layer are affected by the spontaneous polarization of the InAlN layer. To interact that, the diffusion of grain boundaries has been switched from the diffusion of ionized impurities by the deposition of InAlN. In order to achieve the most improvement possible for the electron transferring in terms of thickness and alloy composition related to the improvement of super-deposited layers. The confinement of sub-bands in channel quantum well is also taken into account in the computation of electron mobility. In the end, the adopted electron model is improved by including the effects of deep electron trapsItem Legionella: Health Impacts, Exposure Evaluation, and Hazard Reduction(جامعةا الوادي university of el oued, 2022-01-28) Ghernaout, Djamel; Elboughdiri, Noureddine; Lajimi, RamziLegionella pneumophila is an intracellular pathogen, omnipresent in the nature and seen as opportunistic. It is the main source of legionellosis that can take place in its nonpneumonic form (Pontiac fever) and acute pneumonic form (Legionnaires‘ disease). In the aquatic systems, L. pneumophila can conquer and remain alive intracellularly in different protozoans. The faculty to multiply inside biofilms gives more safeguard from natural stresses like disinfection. Human contagion by L. pneumophila happens following the inhalation or aspiration of aerosols carrying the pathogen. This work defines microbiologically Legionella bacteria and presents a brief history relating to their first discovery and following contagions, a short description relating to their metabolism and physiology, a discussion of their clinical characteristics and their subsistence in the nature and growth in a biofilm, and a general examination of numerous technologies employed for their removal. The spread of opportunistic pathogens (OPs) remains the most significant feature of microbial potable water quality besides the generation of disinfection by-products (DBPs). The (re)growth of OPs and the production of DBPs in urban engineered water systems both closely correlate with the injections or concentrations of disinfectant residuals. Nonetheless, OPs and DBPs respond to disinfectant residuals frequently oppositely. An elevated residual concentration efficiently suppresses the (re)growth of OPs while intensifies the production of DBPs. Oppositely, a low or ―detectable‖ disinfectant residual level decreases the generation of DBPs but could not stop OPs from thriving. To guarantee that the overall or combined health risks of OPs and DBPs are minimum, OP (re)growth and DBP generation must be deeply revised while selecting a practical disinfectant residual dosage or level.Item Effect of selected oven drying temperatures on the quality of Tiger Nut (Cyperus Esculentus) and Ginger Nut (Zingiber Officinale)(جامعةا الوادي university of el oued, 2022-01-28) Nuhu Jibril, Abdulaziz; Abubakar, Aliyu IshaqThe present study was to evaluate the effect of selected drying temperatures on the quality of tiger nut (Cyperus Esculentus) and ginger (Zingiber Officinale). The temperatures used were 25, 50, and 75°C for 4 hours. The quality composition determined were moisture content, crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat, ash content, and carbohydrate. From the results, the tiger nut parameters that show significant difference at the three drying temperatures 25, 50, and 75°C with their mean values were moisture content 0.05, 0.20, and 1.05%, crude protein 8.75, 6.56, and 5.47%, and crude fat 10.28, 14.60 and 12.65%. For ginger nuts were moisture content was 1.25, 2.15, and 2.60%, and crude protein was 15.31, 14.22, and 17.50%. While the parameters that show no significant difference at the three drying temperatures 25, 50, and 75°C with their mean values were crude fiber 1.26, 1.27, and 1.28%, ash content 2.95, 3.95, and 4.90%, and carbohydrate 76.75, 74.62, and 75.72. For gingers were ash content 8.7, 6.50, and 7.35%, crude fat 8.72, 10.43 and 9.20%, crude fiber 1.42, 1.23 and 1.28%, and carbohydrate 65.84, 67.63, and 64.67. Drying temperatures are crucial in affecting food internal structure, composition and widely practiced as a method of preserving agricultural products because of its ease and affordability.Item Investigation of the mechanical properties of annealing heat treated low carbon steel(جامعةا الوادي university of el oued, 2022-01-28) Kelly Orhorhoro, Ejiroghene; Amagbon Erameh, Andrew; Oseme Okuma, SilasThe mechanical properties of steel materials usually vary under different conditions, thus choosing the suitable heat treatment is needed to obtain acceptable properties. In this research work, investigation of the mechanical properties of heat treated low carbon steel was determined using tensile tests, and hardness measurements. Also, the microstructure of the samples was characterized by means of optical microscopy. The samples of low carbon steels were sourced at local market in Nigeria. The collected samples were machined using lathe machine to a diameter of 10mm and gauge length of 30 mm. The chemical composition of the steel was determined using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. The mechanical properties of the heat treated and untreated samples were investigated at the temperatures of 900 °C, 950 °C, and 1000 °C. The results obtained show that the ultimate tensile strength and percentage elongation of samples increases after heat treatment. Also, yield strength and hardness tend to decrease for all annealed heat treated samples at different temperature as compared to as received samples. The results of the microstructural analyses of the as received samples showed fine dispersion of coalesced pearlite and ferrite grain. For the annealed samples, the steel microstructures compose of martensite distributed in the ferrite matrix. However, with increase in annealing temperature to 1000 °C and 1100 °C cementite and ferrite grain with partial grain boundary were observed.Item A laboratory study on water transfer properties of unsaturated compacted lateritic soil – bacillus coagulans mixtures(جامعةا الوادي university of el oued, 2022-01-28) Yohannaa, Paul; Stephen Ijimdiyab, Stephen Ijimdiyab; Juwonlo Osinubib, Kolawole; Adrian Eberemub, OshionameA study on soil water characteristic curves (SWCC) and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity (UHC) of lateritic soil–Bacillus coagulans mixes was done. Three well known models (i.e van Genuchten (VG), Brooks-Corey(BC) and Fredlund-Xing (FX)) were used to predict SWCC and UHC from laboratory test results. Soil samples for the test were admixed with B. coagulans at one-third (1/3) pore in step suspension densities of 0 to 2.4x109cells/ml. Soil samples were then compacted differently with Reduced British Standard light (RBSL), British Standard light(BSL),West African Standard (WAS) and British Standard heavy(BSH) compactive efforts. Cementitious reagent was injected into the compacted soil using gravity up until saturation was attained. Specimens after being compacted were then cored out from the mould using stainless steel cylindrical moulds. The specimens (i.e., inside the stainless steel cylindrical moulds) were then immersed in water chamber till the samples were completely saturated via capillary action and thereafter allowed to undergo a pressure plate drying(PPD) test. Matric suctions of 0, 10, 30, 100, 500, 1000 and 1500kPa, respectively, were used. Result of SWCCs show that with a rise in matric suction, the volumetric water content(θ) declined progressively for all the models (i.e van Genuchten (VG), Brooks-Corey(BC) and Fredlund-Xing(FX)) and the experimental measured values. The UHC slightly reduced with rise in B.coagulans suspension density for VG, BC and FX models. At 500 and 1500kPa matric suctions (MS), BC model documented the least UHC values and satisfied the regulatory lowest hydraulic conductivity value of 1.0×10-9m/s for use in containment system. Thus, o mo ll n o l o l B.coagulans mixturesItem Application of polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine complex as corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel using an experimental design method(جامعةا الوادي university of el oued, 2022-01-28) Benchadli, Abbes; Mellal, Tayeb; Benabdelkader, Ilyes; Dali Youcef, Dali Youcef; Brahama, Esma ChoukchouCorrosion processes are responsible for numerous losses, especially in the industrial sector. Inhibitors are commonly used to prevent corrosion in acidic medium. The aim of this study was to apply an experimental design to optimize the influencing parameters such as inhibitor concentration, temperature and immersion time on the corrosion inhibition of polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine (PVP-I) complexes on carbon steel using the weight loss technique (WL). The parameters of the corrosion protection process were optimized and predictive mathematical models were developed using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) using the Central Composite Design (CCD). It was also found that the data predicted by the regression analysis had a good agreement with the data obtained from the experiments, with the values R2 = 0.999 and Adj. R2 = 0.997 for the inhibitory effect. The best efficiencies for experiments that were not performed were determined by experimental design (DOE).Item Study and Evaluation of Electronic transport property for an InAlN based on Monte Carlo(جامعةا الوادي university of el oued, 2022-01-28) Kourdia, Zakarya; Khaouani, MohammedThe emergence of the semiconductors III-N with heterojunction structures has made it possible to study a wide range of two-dimensional phenomena. This paper devotes to simulate the characteristics of the InAlN material, taking into ac-count temperature and doping as dependencies of conduction properties and performance using MOCASIM of the Tcad-Silvaco software. For the electronic transport model analyzing, we adopted most of the predominant mechanisms using various scattering effects including: optical phonon scattering, acoustic phonon scattering through deformation potential and piezoelectric potential, ionized impurity scattering, and grain boundary scattering. As expected, the carrier transports in the GaN layer are affected by the spontaneous polarization of the InAlN layer. To interact that, the diffusion of grain boundaries has been switched from the diffusion of ionized impurities by the deposition of InAlN. In order to achieve the most improvement possible for the electron transferring in terms of thickness and alloy composition related to the improvement of super-deposited layers. The confinement of sub-bands in channel quantum well is also taken into account in the computation of electron mobility. In the end, the adopted electron model is improved by including the effects of deep electron traps.Item Enhancing Energy Efficiency for Optimal Multiple Photovoltaic DG and DSTATCOM Integration for Techno-Economic and Environmental Analysis: A Case Study of Adrar City Distribution System(جامعةا الوادي university of el oued, 2022-01-28) Lasmari, Adel; Zellagui, Mohamed; Chenni, RachidThe insertion of renewable energy resources in existing distribution systems has effectively improved its performance and operation. This paper presents the efficiency of the optimal integration of multiple Photovoltaic DG (PV-DG), and Distribution Static Compensator (DSTATCOM) simultaneously in a practical Power Distribution System (PDS), through the maximization of the Multi-objective function (MOF) based on the Real Power Loss Level (RPLL), the Short Circuit Level (SCL), the Voltage Deviation Level (VDL), the Net Saving Level (NSL), and Environmental Pollution Reduction Level (EPRL) by various Inertia Weight Particle Swarm Optimization (IW-PSO) algorithms. The proposed IW-PSO algorithms applied in the practical Adrar city 205-bus distribution system in Algeria. The obtained results prove the efficiency of the algorithms in terms of achieving the minimum power loss and improvement of the voltage profiles, the EIW-PSO exhibits the best results of MOF compared to other algorithms.