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Item Study and experimental prototyping of a digital instrument for detection and acquisition with local monitoring on LCD of ionizing radiations using BG51 module and ESP32 microchip(جامعة الوادي - university of el oued, 2021-11-18) Emvoutou Ndongo, Sandrine; Mbihi, Jean; Ngo Bissé, Jacquie Thérèse; Nguemgne, MalongteThis paper presents a novel digital device for ionizing radiation detection in biomedical imaging media. It is designed and built using emerging technologies, in order to provide lower cost and high performance compared to existing biomedical instruments. The BG51 modular sensor is used as an ionizing radiation detector with corresponding pulses as output. Then, the ESP32 microchip acquires and digitalizes the ionizing radiation doses, and an associated 2.4-inch TFT LCD screen, is used as a hardware graphical monitor. A number of real time tests conducted in the laboratory, indicates that the ionizing radiation detection process, varies in the range [10μSv 2mSv]. In addition, the sample size with rate 30 samples per second, is approximately 25 000. Furthermore, the experimental results show the graph of ionizing radiation doses within a real environment where the proposed biomedical instrument is located.Item Study and experimental prototyping of a digital instrument for detection and acquisition with local monitoring on LCD of ionizing radiations using BG51 module and ESP32 microchip(جامعة الوادي - university of el oued, 2021-11-18) Sandrine Emvoutou, Ndongo; Emvoutou, Sandrine; Mbihi, Jean; Ngo Bissé, Jacquie Thérèse; Malongte, Célestine NguemgneThis paper presents a novel digital device for ionizing radiation detection in biomedical imaging media. It is designed and built using emerging technologies, in order to provide lower cost and high performance compared to existing biomedical instruments. The BG51 modular sensor is used as an ionizing radiation detector with corresponding pulses as output. Then, the ESP32 microchip acquires and digitalizes the ionizing radiation doses, and an associated 2.4-inch TFT LCD screen, is used as a hardware graphical monitor. A number of real time tests conducted in the laboratory, indicates that the ionizing radiation detection process, varies in the range [10μSv 2mSv]. In addition, the sample size with rate 30 samples per second, is approximately 25 000. Furthermore, the experimental results show the graph of ionizing radiation doses within a real environment where the proposed biomedical instrument is locatedItem Phytochemical investigation, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of Sideritis incana L extracts(جامعة الوادي - university of el oued, 2021-10-21) Sefaoui, Asma Khelassi; Zaoui, Manel; Daouadji, Djelloul; mekhelfi, Tarak; Nailic, Imane; Zaiter, Lahcen; Benarima, Hanane; Khechekhouche, AbderrahmaneAccording to the phytochemical investigation conducted on the Sideritis incana L. plant, it was found to be rich in secondary metabolites, in particular tannins, flavonoids and alkaloids, based on what we found by preliminary tests for chemical constituents. The content of phenols, flavonoids was estimated by spectrophotometric methods. Also, the antioxidant activities of the extracts of Sideritis incana L were investigated by DPPH scavenging, and phosphomolybdenum method. The results of the quantitative estimation of total phenols showed the highest content in chloroform where it was estimated 585.64 mg GAE /g followed by n-butanol 282.22 mg GAE /g and the lowest content recorded in petroleum ether 17.32 mg GAE /g. The results of the quantitative evaluation of flavonoids showed that petroleum ether fraction contained an excess of flavonoids in the unusual results. For the DPPH assay, n-butanol fraction showed the best result followed by the ethyl acetate fraction and finally chloroform fraction the lowest activities ( IC50 = 0.0534, 0.071 and 0.0756 μg/ml) respectively. Finally, result of antibacterial activity of S.incana showed that the chloroform extract gave the highest diameter inhibition among all extracts (13 mm) at a concentration of 50 mg/ml against Escherichia coli ATCC25921 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923Item Mapping and monitoring of Large-Sfax wetlands (center-east of Tunisia) using radiometric indexes and GIS tools(جامعة الوادي - university of el oued, 2021-12-02) Chaabane, Balkis; Bousemma, Safa Bel Fekih; Allouche, Faiza KhebourWetlands are characterized by temporary alterations in their structure and composition, and by multifunctionality. Therefore, identifying the boundaries of these zones is essential for appropriate characterization. In this context, this applied research work focuses on the wetlands of Large Sfax in the eastern center of Tunisia. The adopted methodology is based on a combined approach based on multivariate analysis and multi-dates analysis for the identification and the spatial delimitation of wetlands in the study area. The radiometric indexes of humidity NDWI, vegetation NDVI and brightness IB were calculated for the years 2003 and 2015 by using satellite imagery coming from Landsat ETM+7 and Landsat OLI 8. The classification maps of the calculated indexes enabled the identification and spectral delimitation of the wetlands of the study area. The multi-dates analysis was based on the visual interpretation of the panchromatic aerial photographs and the Google Earth snippets for the update of the results. This allowed the spatial delineation and the monitoring of marine, inland, and artificial wetlands in the study area. The importance of using the combined approach is that it allows a better characterization of wetlandsItem Impact of climate change on the spatiotemporal variability of a coastal ecosystem in the Tunisian Sahel(جامعة الوادي - university of el oued, 2021-12-15) Bousemma, Safa Bel Fekih; Chaabane, Balkis; Allouchea, Khebour Faiza; Bel Haj Salah, RayaWetlands are some of the most important ecosystems on Earth. Despite their importance for water and carbon cycle regulation, wildlife survival and economic value. Furthermore, wetlands are experiencing rapid degradation due to severe transformations. They have been polluted and declined dramatically as land cover has changed in many regions. Whereas, human activities along with severe climate changes have led to critical loss and degradation of these ecosystems. This study evaluates changes of Halq El Mingel wetland, Tunisia, between 2006 and 2017. Spatial and temporal dynamics of wetland changes were quantified using Landsat and Google Earth images and three radiometric indexes have been calculated; Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, Normalized Difference Water Index and Salinity Index. Results revealed that important spatial and temporal variations are detected for each index.Also, the area of wetland in Hergla city decreased significantly over the last 10 years from 1146.7 ha to 806.6 ha respectively. A notable change is the shrinkage of the wetland area during 2006-2017 period which is linked to the decline of rainfall over the years. This study proposes a methodology to monitor changes in wetland using geospatial technology and thus to support decision-making for sustainable managementItem Gamma spectrometry for natural radioactive nuclides in Spa waters in some areas in north Algeria(جامعة الوادي - university of el oued, 2021-10-22) Azli, Tarek; Zidouni, Faiza; Messaoudi, Mohammed; Mesbout, Besma; Hadri, Abderezzak; Begaa, SamirThe work aims to determine the radioactivity levels of Algeria thermal waters which have been used permanently in spas for therapeutic intentions. Eight Spas waters in north Algeria analysis was performed to determine their radioactivity concentration for 226Ra, 232Th, 235U and 40K, using a high-resolution HPGe γ-spectrometry system. Water is imbedded in a Marinelli beakers tightly sealed for 28 days to achieve secular equilibrium between 226Ra and its short-lived daughter products before analyzing by gamma ray spectrometry. The average activity concentrations for spa waters from study areas were 0.045 to 2.077 Bql-1 for 226Ra; 0.17to 3.416 Bql-1 for 232Th; 0.085to 7,235 Bql-1 for 235U and 1.402 to 15.156 Bql-1 for 40K. This study would be useful for used and official authorities for the assessment of radiation exposure risk due to usage of the considered spa watersItem Equilibrium, kinetics and isotherm studies of Cadmium (II) adsorption from aqueous solution utilizing Cane Papyrus(جامعة الوادي - university of el oued, 2021-07-01) Alatabe, Mohammed Jaafar AliCadmium(II) ions is a very toxic element known to cause detrimental effects to human health even at very low concentrations. Cane Papyrus was prepared form the marsh in south of Iraq, as adsorbent to Cadmium(II) ions adsorption from aqueous solution. Completed the analysis by using Fourier transform infra-red and notes presence of amino (–NH), carbonyl (–C=O) and hydroxyl (–OH) functional groups. Batch experiments were performed on simulated aqueous solutions under optimized conditions of adsorbent dosage, contact time, pH and initial Cadmium(II) ions concentration at 25Co. The Freundlich isotherm model more suitably described the adsorption process than the Langmuir model with linearized coefficients of 0.986 and 0.9733, respectively. Pseudo-second order kinetic equation best described the kinetics of the reaction. Furthermore, 1M HCl was a better desorbing agent than 1M NaOH and de-ionized water. The experimental data obtained demonstrated that Cane Papyrus can be used as a suitable adsorbent for Cadmium(II) ions removal from wastewater.Item Equilibrium, kinetics and isotherm studies of Cadmium (II) adsorption from aqueous solution utilizing Cane Papyrus(جامعة الوادي - university of el oued, 2021-07-01) Alatabe, Mohammed Jaafar AliCadmium(II) ions is a very toxic element known to cause detrimental effects to human health even at very low concentrations. Cane Papyrus was prepared form the marsh in south of Iraq, as adsorbent to Cadmium(II) ions adsorption from aqueous solution. Completed the analysis by using Fourier transform infra-red and notes presence of amino (–NH), carbonyl (–C=O) and hydroxyl (–OH) functional groups. Batch experiments were performed on simulated aqueous solutions under optimized conditions of adsorbent dosage, contact time, pH and initial Cadmium(II) ions concentration at 25Co. The Freundlich isotherm model more suitably described the adsorption process than the Langmuir model with linearized coefficients of 0.986 and 0.9733, respectively. Pseudo-second order kinetic equation best described the kinetics of the reaction. Furthermore, 1M HCl was a better desorbing agent than 1M NaOH and de-ionized water. The experimental data obtained demonstrated that Cane Papyrus can be used as a suitable adsorbent for Cadmium(II) ions removal from wastewater.Item Equilibrium binding constants of Tris-(3,4,7,8-Tetramethyl-1,10-phenanthroline)Iron(II) Sulphate and Tris-(4,7- dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline)Iron(II) Perchlorate with Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate. A comparative study(جامعة الوادي - university of el oued, 2021-10-10) Latona Dayo, FelixBinding constants were investigated with a double beam unicam UV-Visible spectrophotometer at maximum absorption peaks (λmax) of 500nm and 510 nm for tris– (3,4,7,8 – tetramethyl -1,10- phenanthroline)iron(II) sulphate and Tris- (4,7-dimethyl –1,10 – phenanthroline)iron(II) perchlorate, respectively and the data were analyzed using double reciprocal plots. Absorbances were taken at fixed concentration of the metal complexes and the concentrations of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) were far less than the critical micelle concentration (CMC). The effect of alkaline, acid, benzoate ion and urea on binding constants were investigated. Binding between Tris-(4,7-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline)Iron(II) Perchlorate(Fe(Me2phen)32+ and Sodium dodecyl sulphate was accelerated at low [H+] = 1.00 10-4 mol dm-3 and decreased at higher acid concentrations. However, binding was enhanced in the presence of hydroxyl ion, benzoate ion and urea. Furthermore, binding between Tris-(3,4,7,8-Tetramethyl-1,10-phenanthroline)Iron(II) Sulphate and sodium dodecyl sulphate was accelerated at low[H+] = 1.00 10-4 mol dm-3 to reach a maximum at [H+] = 2.00 x 10-4 mol dm-3 after which it decreased at higher acid concentrations. However, binding was retarded in the presence of hydroxyl ion and urea but enhanced in benzoate ion.Item Comparative studies of the curing and hardening process of soaps produced from locally processed saturated and unsaturated fatty acids(جامعة الوادي - university of el oued, 2021-08-08) Faruk, Mohammed Umar; Akeeb, Nuruddeen Adebayo; Bello, Kalgo Yusha'upaper presents a comparative study of the curing and hardening processes of five soaps produced from Nigerian local oils (Palm oil, Palm-kernel Oil, Groundnut oil, Shea-butter oil and Tallow oil). The curing process was investigated by drying the soap samples under natural conditions and obtaining their daily moisture loss for duration of 21 days. Hardness tests based on the Brinell Hardness Methodology was conducted using a locally improvised manual indenter with a test load of 6.585kgf or 64.553N. Graphical plots of the moisture loss versus a one day time interval showed that all the soaps exhibited similar behaviour in the curing process, characterized by exponential decay in the rate of moisture loss. Superimposition of the curves into one graph showed very close fitting between the curves, indicating that the rates of moisture loss are very close. Graphs of the hardening process of the soaps showed that there are similarities in the hardening behaviour of the soaps with the curves exhibiting two hardening regions, a region of non-linear hardening and a region of constant hardening. Results showed that the hardness of the soaps varies in this order: tallow (1.88 HN) >shea butter (0.3 HN) >palm kernel (0.25 HN >palm Oil (0.15 HN) > groundnut oil (0.13 HN).Item Comparative studies between aluminium sulphate, moringa seed and green plantain peel as coagulants(جامعة الوادي - university of el oued, 2021-09-18) Ogbozige, Francis James; Nwobu, Helen UzoamakaAluminium sulphate (alum) is the most commonly and widely used coagulant in water treatment plants however, literatures have revealed that it has certain setbacks that needs to be addressed including imparting acidity and hardness to water. Hence, the coagulation capacities of the seeds of moringa (Moringa oleifera) and peels of unripe or green plantain (Musa paradisiaca) which are abundantly available and currently considered as waste in most developing countries, were investigated in comparison with alum. This was achieved by using standard methods to treat raw water at different dosages of coagulants (100-600mg/l) prepared from moringa seed and plantain peel, and comparing the performances of these coagulants with that of aluminium sulphate (alum) used in treating same raw water at same dosages. Parameters checked are turbidity, pH and hardness. Results showed that alum performed best in terms of turbidity removal followed by moringa seed solution and then plantain peel solution. This is because alum reduced the water turbidity by 99.94% at an optimum dosage of 100mg/l while moringa seed and plantain peel solutions reduced the turbidity by 80.27% at 300mg/l and 63.99% at 500mg/l respectively. Nevertheless, it was noted that at optimum dosage of alum, the water pH was reduced from 6.7 to 6.2 as against the WHO permissible limits (6.5 – 8.5), and the harness level was increased by 22.43%. On the contrary, at the optimum dosages of moringa seed and plantain peel solutions, the pH were raised to 7.3 and 7.5 respectively, which is within the permissible limits and also, the hardness levels were reduced by 13.41% and 8.52% respectively. It was concluded that moringa seed solution could replace alum successfully but plantain peel solution needs modifications in order to improve the turbidity removal capacity before replacing alum although, it could be used in the absence of other conventional coagulants.Item Application of HEC-RAS model for adaptive water allocation in a Large-Scale Rice Irrigation Scheme(جامعة الوادي - university of el oued, 2021-09-30) Ismail, Habibu; Kamal, Md Rowshon; Shanono, Nura Jafar; Amin, Sunusi AbubakarWater allocation is a key component of good water management in an irrigation system. Water imbalance between upstream and downstream has been a major issue at Tanjung-Karang Rice Irrigation Scheme Malaysia. This study applied the HEC-RAS model to estimate water for supply and analysed its allocation to the demand in the scheme. Water demand was computed based on water requirement, effective rainfall and seepage/percolation. Results of R2, NSE, PBIAS and RSR during the model calibration and validation were 0.66, 0.64, 0.94 and 0.60; and 0.65, 0.59, 1.77 and 0.64, respectively. The irrigation scheme was under-supplied from January-March and over-supplied from April-June during the off-season. While in the main-season was under-supplied from July-September and over-supplied from October-December. Similarly, the excess water during the off and main seasons for the period was 40.10 and 52.40 Mm3 respectively. Whiles the deficit water during the same seasons was 52.46 and 53.14 Mm3, respectively. This suggests providing an adequate storage facility, which could store excess water during low water demand and use it in the period of water shortage. The developed model could therefore assist in estimating the over/under-supply with respect to the demand thereby storing the excess for use during the period of high demand.