مراعاة فقه الموازنات عند المالكية – تخصيص النصوص بسد الذرائع

Abstract

يعد المذهب المالكي من أكثر المذاهب تنوعا في الأصول، ووفرة في المصادر، وجمعا بين المقاصد وظواهر النصوص، هذهالخصائص والميزات جعلته قادرا على النماء والتطور والتجدد، وأكسبته مرونة في مواجهة الواقع، وفي معالجة الكثير من النوازل والقضايا المستجدة، فكان مذهبا رائعا في مراعاةفقه الموازنات، من خلال دعائم اجتهادية وقواعد مقاصدية تميز بها كقاعدة سد الذرائع، والتي نسب للمالكية الغلو في إعمالها حتى مع وجود النصوص، والإشكالية المطروحة ههنا مامدى قدرة قاعدة سد الذرائع عند المالكية على تخصيصالنصوص الشرعية؟ Maliki doctrine has diverse origins and resources. It gathers more between the purposes and manifestations of texts. These characteristics and features made it able to development and renewal. It gained flexibility in the face of reality, and in addressing many of the dilemmas and emerging issues. So, it was a leading doctrine in the observance of “Fiqh Al-Muwazanaat”(Juristic Balancing) through foundations that characterized the doctrine such as the rule of sad al-dhara`i' (blocking the means ) Malikism attributed the excessive in its implementation even with the existence of texts. The question is: How far can Maalikis sad al-dhara`i' (blocking the means ) rule allocate the legal texts? This research comes to answer this problem by trying to control the concept of the rule of sad al-dhara`i' (blocking the means ), and to show : the most prominent evidence of its pilgrimage and its conditions of work, through the decisions of the imams of the Maliki school, and by clarifying their approach to the specializing of religious texts using mental evidence in general, and in particular the rule of sad al-dhara`i' (blocking the means ) from In the course of presenting the practical issues of various branches of jurisprudence, the research aims to show that the Maalikis sad al-dhara`i' (blocking the means ) rule is a follow-up method, in which all the news of the Sunnah is assigned, and the absolute limit is restricted, if the pretext is verified and supported by evidence and shar'i rules. We use a descriptive and analytical approach, with a mixed use of the inductive method.