(جامعة الوادي University Of Eloued, 2024-03-01) Khaldi Malika; Djermoun Souad
In this study, we reviewed the most important standard methodologies used in the literature
of traditional and modern international trade gravity models, based on the OLS
methodology, through the PPML methodology and through the PPMLHDFE methodology,
which is the latest technique, based on the analytical historical descriptive method of
presenting experimental methodologies with the aim of Arabic studies.
